Nowadays, the requirements and expectations of universities are increasing along with globalization. The functions of Research and Development and the doctorate programmes which aim to support education and train the academic staff, came to the fore with globalization. The doctorate programmes in European countries cannot be updated fast enough and quotas for these programs are insufficient in some regions – faster balancing seems to be the must. The Decision Support System (DSS) can be a solution to the problem. In this study, the candidates’ demand of the universities, the public-private organizations and R&D centres are included to a model. As a result DSS will help us identify the need for candidates and develop PhD planning strategies by analysing the current situation of the university policies through the innovative model balancing the supply-demand for PhD candidates – including formulae of doctorate implementation (recently introduced in Poland).
Exclusion phenomenon denotes processes in which some group of people or individuals is permanently blocked from resources (mostly considered as social exclusion). The discussed phenomenon can be considered in many aspects: identifying exclusion as a process, multidimensional research in this area and presenting solutions useful in solving problems. Real support of the processes in overtaking exclusion phenomenon can be offered from Information and Communication Technologies area. The aim of this paper is the presentation of smart city portals content in order to support services devoted to exclusion processes neutralization. Several existing portals of selected smart cities are taken into account. The contents of the research sample will be analysed to investigate the state of the art solutions in the area and confronted with the concept of knowledge portal. The paper consists of five parts, including Introduction and Conclusions. The three merit parts describe exclusion phenomena, then general concept of knowledge portal devoted to services is presented and the last part demonstrates existing solutions in this area.
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