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Hermann Cohen i Drugi. Triumf i upadek „czystego rozumu”

100%
Krasicki J.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 3
37-57
EN
The article poses the question of the contemporary validity and meaning of Hermann Cohen’s philosophical thought. It is argued that in order to understand its phenomenon one has to go beyond the epistemological and methodological perspectives in which Cohen’s work has usually been analyzed and probe into the philosopher’s deepest spiritual and intellectual formation — that of Judaism. The author claims that Cohen, otherwise a celebrated academic scholar, was first of all a rabbi, i.e. a teacher in the Judaist tradition. This is the context in which we can weigh his friendship with young Franz Rosenzweig — it was Rosenzweig who first recognized the revolutionary significance of Cohen’s philosophy of religion and utilized the latter in his seminal work The Star of Redemption (Der Stern der Erlosung) where he emphasized the late stage of Cohen’s intellectual evolution, especially the one associated with Religion der Vernunft aus den Quellen des Judentums (1919). This book is viewed as essentially a reinterpretation of Kant’s moral theory and philosophy of religion in terms of Judaism and the Bible, which in itself marks Cohen’s departure from critical idealism and his shift towards the dialogic philosophy. In this context one can see Cohen as a teacher of the German nation, someone who could accurately examine the dangers of the Romantic theory of the nation as well as the Romantic (especially Fichtean) version of Kant’s moral theory, dangers corroborated by 20th-century history. While stressing Cohen’s positive contribution to our understanding of the contemporary world, it should be added that the philosopher’s belief in the liberating potential of “pure reason” was heavily damaged in the face of the totalitarian ideas in modern Europe. It does not mean, however, that his thought has lost its potency. On the contrary, in the age of the crisis of rationality Cohen’s work may be seen as a vital testament. Its effectiveness, though, lies not in the power of “pure reason” but in the power of dialogue and the imperative to love one’s neighbor, a rational and free act which surpasses all religious and speculative constraints. Accordingly, the article concludes by pointing to the timeliness and validity of Cohen’s spiritual and intellectual legacy.
2
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O nielegalności „legalnego marksizmu” (S.N. Bułgakow i M.A. Bierdiajew)

100%
Krasicki J.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2018
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vol. 40
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issue 1
20-38
EN
The article deals with the question of how Sergei Bulgakov and Nicolai Berdyaev, two spokesmen of the so-called “legitimate Marxism,” approached Marx’s philosophy. The author tries to find out the reasons of their access to and then dismissal of the doctrine. While he stresses the complex character of the former, he also demonstrates that the latter was not a simple act of rejection but was connected with attempts to understand Marx’s socio-economic doctrine on the religious and metaphysical basis.
3
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„Na skraju przepaści...”. Dostojewski, Gogol, Bieliński

100%
Krasicki J.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2021
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issue 2
PL
W artykule podejmuje się problem osobistych relacji między Fiodorem Dostojewskim, Mikołajem Gogolem i Wissarionem Bielińskim. Zostaje pokazane, jak osobiste stosunki pomiędzy nimi wpłynęły na koleje ich losu i na rozwój twórczości Gogola oraz Dostojewskiego. Stawia się tezę, że relacja ta została określona przez zwrot ideowy w twórczości Dostojewskiego – jego odejście od realizmu (Biedni ludzie) w kierunku „realizmu fantastycznego” (Sobowtór) – a także przez stanowisko ideowe Gogola w ostatnich latach życia, wyrażone w Wybranych fragmentach korespondencji z przyjaciółmi.
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Sacrum i rewolucja. Leszek Kołakowski i inni

100%
Krasicki J.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 2
37-59
EN
The author examines the relationship between the sphere of the sacred and the phenomenon of the revolution. He points to the distinctiveness of Leszek Kołakowski’s position as compared to the views articulated by other representatives of the so-called Warsaw school of the history of ideas. He claims that Kołakowski’s philosophical programme, which takes into account the sacred and mythical dimension of the socio-political diagnoses, can help us to understand the Russian Revolution of 1917 as well as other revolutionary movements and processes of the 20th century. He demonstrates that the sacred is an inherent aspect of the revolutionary mentality. Also, he argues that the ideologies which turned against religion in the name of the struggle with religious superstitions, in the end became quasi-religious. As a matter of fact, the revolutionary utopia may be perceived as a kind of crypto-religion involving such elements of the mythical thinking as a belief in the cognition of history, an assumption that the latter may be started anew, a belief in the possibility of the secular eschatology, etc.
5
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Paradoksy „wolnej” teokracji – W. Sołowjow

100%
Krasicki J.
Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia
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2007
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vol. 2
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issue 1
37-53
EN
The study addresses the dilemmas inherent in the concept of ,,free theocracy'' as put forward by Vladimir Solovyov. Solovyov's theocratic ideas with ,,God-man'' are confronted with Fyodor Dostoevsky's conceptions. The author of the study argues that although Solovyov's ideal was an ambitious attempt to preserve crucial premises of the Christian world, it achieved the aim at the price of grave illusions concerning human freedom and ways of fulfilling the ideal, and therefore it was charged with a totalitarian potential. The author concludes that Solovyov's vision of worldwide theocracy cannot be called a successful project; despite that, his ideas may be approached as a challenge in the context of both the contemporary Russia's search for identity and serious dilemmas for the unifying Europe.
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