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W jaki sposób myślą przedsiębiorcy? – czyli "Jeśli mogę kontrolować przyszłość, nie muszę jej przewidywać"

100%
Kurczewska A.
e-mentor
|
2012
|
issue 5 (47)
20-24
EN
The aim of the paper is to introduce, basing on Sarah Sarasvathy's works, the logic of effectuation and to juxtapose it to causation. Effectuation is a way of thinking that is practiced by expert entrepreneurs. Effectual entrepreneurs do not predict the future but perceive it as possible to control due to their actions.
2
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Przedsiębiorczość i ekonomia – separacja czy integracja?

100%
Kurczewska A.
e-mentor
|
2014
|
issue 2 (54)
18-22
EN
Entrepreneurship as a research concept has its historic roots in economics. Therefore, it could be logically assumed that economics and entrepreneurship permeate, complement and inspire themselves. In reality, the situation is different. The aim of the paper is to discuss the relation between entrepreneurship and economics, as well as the perspectives of their co-existence in research practice. The paper first investigates the reasons of absence of entrepreneurship in economic theories. It also includes descriptions of two concepts of entrepreneurship - one rooted in economics and second one in humanities and social sciences. They differ in a focal point, understanding of an interplay between entrepreneurship and enterprise, as well as in research methods. The conducted analysis shows that the opinion that paths of entrepreneurship and economics are separated seems to be premature. The situation has reversed. At the beginning, entrepreneurship as an emerging research concept drew from economics. Nowadays, it is economics that calls for new theories embedding entrepreneurship and needs more understanding of active role of entrepreneur. The paper calls for verification of some basic assumptions in economics basing on the development of modern entrepreneurship. There is a great need for models in which both market and active entrepreneur are present and co-exist.
3
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Pomoc publiczna dla małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie Francji

63%
Mikołajczyk B., Kurczewska A.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
|
2004
|
vol. 195
|
issue 10
105-117
EN
The article’s aim is to present the nature of state aid in the European Union and to demonstrate practical support instruments applied in France. The Treaty establishing the European Community explicitly forbids any state aid that destroys competition, has a negative impact on economic co-operation between the Member States, or is incompatible with free market principles. Nevertheless, there are areas in which state aid seems to be indispensable. Assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises, mostly on account of their role in job creation and in maintaining social and economic balance, is considered the so-called bloc exemption, i.e. a sector which may be supported by the State. State aid may take various forms. The article presents the system of subsidies, tax exemptions and reliefs, social exemptions and reliefs, "soft" crediting, guaranties. The role of public institutions supporting the SME sector and future lines of state aid have also been pointed out.
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