The paper presents the structure and functioning of mediosphere and then discusses it in the context of ethics. It is a phenomenon which belongs to the domain of environment, and therefore exhibits a high level of effectiveness. Mediosphere is an environment generated by the media which are used by people. The human being is the most important element of this environment and influences it in a peculiar way. Hence, each mediosphere is different. The structure and functioning of mediosphere is affected by its layers, namely logosphere, iconosphere, sonosphere, and galenosphere. A consequence of the ‘environmental’ nature of mediosphere is that negative effects of particular phenomena pertaining to the activity of the media are cumulated. Therefore, the ethical aspects of mediosphere are very important and topical. Reflections on this facet of mediosphere may prove useful for both people involved in the media and teachers, whose task, among others, is to prepare students for an adequate reception of what is offered by the press, radio, television, and the Internet. The discussion includes reference to examples of studies by those Western authors who propose practical guidelines and precautionary measures to prevent violation of ethical principles in the functioning of mediosphere.
This paper is concerned with the issue of public opinion considered from two points of view: ethical and educational. It has been inspired by the insufficient knowledge of society about public opinion as well as the gullibility of the general public as regards the acceptance of the results of public opinion polls. Therefore, the ethical and educational dimension of this phenomenon are not recognized, which results in a severe lack of research and publications on the topic. The paper consists of three parts. The first part introduces basic facts about public opinion and its major mechanisms. The second one deals with the phenomenon of public opinion as an ethical problem, while the third one is devoted to the problem of education aimed at the development of mature perception of public opinion and active participation in the process. The problem of public opinion is treated as an important and urgent task for ethicists and teachers. This seems relevant as an increasing influence of public opinion on both individuals and a whole society is observed in various areas, including politics, economy, culture and trade. Public opinion also affects an information order, which is of significance to the state and its citizens in the light of the emergence of a communication society.
Après le tournant politique de 1989, on voit mûrir en Pologne le postulat d`élaborer, d`une manière globale, la pédagogie des mass-media. À l`époque du totalitarisme communiste une telle entreprise était impossible. L`auteur, basant sur les textes ecclésiastques, montre que, dans le cadre des études dau séminaire, les cours qui portent sur les mass-media devraient avoir un aspect pédagogique. C`est le cas du Grand Séminaire de £ódŸ où, depuis 1975, on donne de telles conférences. On rédige également des mémoires de maîtrise consacrés à ce domaine. L’article contient la liste de principaux groupes de questions étudiées dans le cadre des cours de la pédagogie des mass-media.
The paper reflects upon human infosphere, an area that has not been subject to research so far. The pedagogical dimension of infosphere is discussed. The first part defines infosphere as an environment of information. The second part is devoted to the pedagogic aspect of infospehere. The third part provides conclusions and implications for pedagogical practice. The article is aimed at parents and school teachers as well as researchers in the field of pedagogy. The unique educational value of infosphere, understood as a structured environment of information, is emphasized. Experience and observation demonstrate that the upbringing environment can be turned into the pedagogical environment due to the deliberate action of parents. As a result, a new quality emerges in the family environment. Thus, the environment moves from being passive to being active, from being schematic to being innovative, from monologue to dialogue, from being ambivalent in action to being stable. Thus, given appropriate conditions, infosphere can become a highly effective means of upbringing and education in the family.
L’article présente l’évêque Michel Klepacz comme le signataire du Message fameux que les évêques polonais ont adressé aux évêques allemands en 1965, tout près avant la clôture du Concile Vatican II. Le Message a été mise à profit pour allumer la campagne de propagande contre l’Église hiérarchique en Pologne. L’action de cette propagande a troublé les fêtes solennelles, organisées en Pologne à l’occasion du Millennium.
This paper demonstrates the role of logosphere in strengthening social bonds. In a broader sense logosphere is the layer of the word in human environment, both within mediosphere and outside it. It occurs in symbiosis with the remaining environment layers, i.e. iconosphere, sonosphere, and galenosphere (the layer of silence). In a narrower meaning logosphere occurs when it is organized by the people who form it (family, school, orphanage, etc.). The basic properties of such logosphere involve: the primacy of the word, dialogicity, and its environmental character. Reflection on these properties leads to a conclusion that their functioning contributes to the enhancement of social bonds linking the participants of logosphere.
Vue les effects nocifs que produit la civilisation de l’image, l’auteur propose de former une logosphère qui est le milieu de la parole. L’article présente cette logosphère comme l’alternative pour l’iconosphère où domine l’image. La logosphère constitue un milieu où on préfère la parole. Pour les chrétiens c’est Jésus-Christ ─ Verbe Incarné qui est le plus important dans cette logosphère. Il rend chaque honnête activité plus profonde.
The silence of humans is threatened by various types of noise. They are enhanced by in-adequate reception of media messages. Therefore, studies on media education should also involve an investigation of the relation between the human mediosphere and threats to si-lence. Behaviour that diminishes the sphere of silence in the human environment or even eliminates it entirely is a harmful act. Consequently, it is proposed that media education should always involve a reflection on the ethical assessment of silence in the human envi-ronment, with particular reference to the factors that constitute a threat to silence. The first part of the paper presents silence as a positive value. The second part discusses the ethical aspects of silence. Conclusions and suggestions with regard to media education make up the third part of the article. The paper aims to draw attention to silence viewed as a positive value as well as to the ethical aspects of silence in education for media and in structuring galenosphere, i.e. the sphere of silence. The discussion of the relevant issues points to a need for research on the condition of silence in the human social environment and its role in media education.
This paper addresses the question whether silence can be used as a means in the process of education for media reception, and if it does then in what sense. The term ‘function’ refers to ‘a special role’ that silence is to play in media pedagogy. The article emphasizes the importance of galenosphere, the layer of silence, as one of the components of the human social environment, along with logosphere, iconosphere and sonosphere. It is assumed that silence can be used in education for reception of media. Silence is part of the environment of a human being, and environment is regarded as one of the key factors in education. However, if silence is to be an active means in education for media reception, it should become a structured environment. Similarly, educational environment becomes a pedagogic environment because it is intentionally structured according to an accepted design.
This paper deals with galenosphere as an environment of silence. The topic has not been widely researched and there are but a few publications on it. At the same time an increase of noise in all human environments can be observed. ‘Galenosphere’ is a new term that has recently entered the scientific and journalistic language. The first part of the article discusses the role and significance of galenosphere on the basis of its functions. The state of calming down positively affects the development of human spirituality and facilitates both thought-formation and narration. Furthermore, it enables interpersonal dialogue, which enriches the interlocutor, and deepens the understanding of the meaning of life. Also, the dynamic components of galenosphere, such as calming down, concentration of the mind and emotions, inner concentration and the ability to be silent, are presented. The functioning of human galenosphere is dependent on this type of factors. The second part of the paper focuses on the pedagogic aspects of galenosphere. It emphasizes that a structured galenosphere is an optimal environment for the process of upbringing. This can be noticed in the case of family galenosphere. One of the major conclusions is a call for education “for silence” and “via silence”, based on a conviction that great works of one’s life are produced in silence, not in noise.
Problems of the environment are of concern, among others, to social pedagogy. The subject of research in the field is very large and is still expanding. This can be noticed in the case of media, whose rapid development brings forth new questions and pedagogical dilemmas. This paper refers to an attempt to establish mesological pedagogy as a branch of educational sciences. The attempt was undertaken in Western Europe in 1950s. Mesological pedagogy is concerned solely with the pedagogical aspect of the environments of human beings (family, school, workplace, religious community, etc.). As indicated by the etymology of its name, it is a study of the environment. Therefore, the author of this paper presents reasons for the continuation of research in the field of mesological pedagogy. This will be of benefit to social pedagogy and will open new directions of development in the broad study of the environments of contemporary humans.
L’auteur présente les plus importants mécanismes de l’image par l’optique des sciences et de la pratique pédagogiques. Ce qui constitue le point de repère dans cette réflexion c’est, avant tout, l’image photographique. On a souliqné l’influence négative de l’image sur le psychisme de l’individu. Le titre de l’article montre l’indolence de l’homme dans sa façon d’utiliser l’image. Ce phénomène est lié avec le manque du savoir concernant les mécanismes de l’image ainsi qu’avec l’attitude de se soumettre au contenu que cette image présente. Les conclusions de l’article concernent toutes les formes de l’image, donc sont aussi valables pour l’image du film et celle de la télévision.
This paper deals with the issue of order in media with reference to logosphere, which is the environment of the word. The problem is not tackled in the literature on the subject as it is more concerned with chaos in media. Order in the media in a given country is a crucial factor in their functioning and development as well as in the reception of the content of what they communicate. The first part of the paper discusses the essence of order in media and the principles of its functioning, whereas the second part presents logosphere as a significant element in the process of formation of such order. It is emphasised that an organised logosphere is the most dynamic and stimulating environment of a human being. Basic properties of an organised logosphere (primacy of the word, dialogicity, environmental nature) enable it to sensitize a person to the phenomenon of order in media and help them protect themselves from addiction to media. It also contributes to the creation of a society of communication. As a result, it seems necessary to conduct research on the role of logosphere in the construction of order in media, both within a family and in a country.
The article aims at analysing mediosphere as the media environment. It highlights the shortage of publications available to explore the issue. The paper advances the thesis of mediosphere being one of the most important environments of human activity, since the media are increasingly affecting an individual and the society. The development of the media themselves has been sharply accelerated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with the simultaneous growing helplessness on the part of parents and school tutors. The knowledge of human mediosphere may serve as a key to man’s fuller understanding of his relationship with the media, and an aid to revising the following phenomena: ‘communication society’, ‘public opinion’, and ‘addiction to the media.’ With a family as an illustrative example, two basic elements of mediosphere are discussed – its structure and functioning. The structure of mediosphere may be split into four main layers: iconosphere, logosphere, sonosphere and galenosphere. The situation within the family seems ideal for upbringing only when the parents and other adults succeed in reshaping mediosphere into an organised environment. In consequence, the adverse impact of the media on the household members is reduced to a minimum and the parents make fewer educational mistakes.