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1

State institutes and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1948–1953

100%

Jůnová Macková A.

Studia Historiae Scientiarum

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2017

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vol. 16

241–267

EN

State institutes started emerging shortly after the establishment of the first Czechoslovak Republic (1918) in the form of institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Schools and National Education. They were independent scientific institutions receiving regular state subsidies and their scientific focus and budgets were approved by the state. The State Institute of Archaeology and the National Institute for Folk Songs were founded in 1919. We may already follow the activities of the Institute of Oriental Studies and the Institute of Slavic Studies in the early 1920s. – even though they reached full efficiency only in 1928. The paper shows the organizational and personal transformation of these institutions, in particular from 1948 until 1952 or 1953, when they “voluntarily” became part of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. The incorporation of state institutes into the Academy of Sciences thus gives a clearer picture of the centralization of sciences in the 1950s, arranged according to the Soviet model.

PL

Instytuty państwowe zaczęły powstawać wkrótce po utworzeniu pierwszej Republiki Czechosłowackiej (1918) w formie instytucji powiązanych z Ministerstwem Szkół i Edukacji Narodowej. Były niezależnymi instytucjami naukowymi otrzymującymi regularne subwencje państwowe, a ich naukowa działalność i budżety były zatwierdzane przez państwo. Państwowy Instytut Archeologii i Narodowy Instytut Pieśni Ludowych powstały w 1919 r. Możemy śledzić działania Instytutu Studiów Wschodnich i Instytutu Studiów Slawistycznych już od wczesnych lat dwudziestych, choć osiągnęły one pełną sprawność dopiero w 1928 r. W artykule przedstawiono transformację organizacyjną i kadrową tych instytucji, zwłaszcza od 1948 do 1952 lub 1953 r., kiedy to „dobrowolnie” stały się częściami Czechosłowackiej Akademii Nauk. Na przykładzie włączenia instytutów państwowych do Akademii Nauk ukazano na czym polegała centralizacja nauk w latach pięćdziesiątych, organizowana według modelu radzieckiego.

2

Československá egyptologie ve světě studené války – doba Zbyňka Žáby

63%

Jůnová Macková A., Navrátilová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2017

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issue 18

12-23

EN

Zbyněk Žába’s (1917–1971) anniversary reminds us of several decades of history of Czechoslovak Egyptology which was tied very closely to individual scholarly biographies and only relatively recently obtained an institutional history. Aspects of the life of Žába, who was sometimes viewed as a controversial figure, are set against the backdrop of coeval events. The contribution highlights some paradoxes inherent to a work of an international scholar tied to a country on the Soviet side of the Iron curtain, including his attempts to balance the requirements of a national institutional scholarship and the inherently international character of his discipline. The foundations for the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology were laid successfully in the complex period of the late 1950s.

3

Prostor pro naději – Výpravy Československého egyptologického ústavu do Núbie v 60. letech 20. století

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Jůnová Macková A., Navrátilová H.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2015

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issue 14

17-29

EN

The 1960s rescue campaign in Nubia offered a unique opportunity to the Czechoslovak Institute of Egyptology which had only just been established. Its new team took part in an extensive as well as intensive campaign, which included epigraphic surveys as well as excavations and anthropol ogical research concerning present-day Nubia. Expedition preparations and logistics were complicated by the partic ular conditions in the then Czechoslovakia. Behind- the-scenes pressures were high; despite politically motivated difficulties and a demanding programme, the series of Nubian expeditions was a success story, result - ing in respect ed specialist publications and a positive general public response on an international as well as national level.

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2 Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

1 Studia Historiae Scientiarum

3 Jůnová Macková A.

2 Navrátilová H.

2 2017

1 2015

State institutes and the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1948–1953

Československá egyptologie ve světě studené války – doba Zbyňka Žáby

Prostor pro naději – Výpravy Československého egyptologického ústavu do Núbie v 60. letech 20. století