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Public Prosecution Service in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic: Common Roots, Different Paths (A Comparative Legal Analysis)

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Šramel B.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 3
149-167
EN
Public prosecution service has an irreplaceable place in the system of state authorities. However, the years of authoritarian regimes transformed independent public prosecution authorities existing on the territory of Slovakia and the Czech Republic into authorities protecting primarily the regime and persecuting all persons who were non-compliant with this regime. It was not until the fall of Communism in 1989 that a change came – a return to the original mission of public prosecution service (the independent protection of law). However, after the division of the Czechoslovakia in 1993 opinion plurality and the lack of a clear opinion on the nature of the public prosecution service resulted in the creation of two relatively different models – the model of prokuratúra in Slovakia and the model of státní zastupitelství in the Czech Republic. This is the reason why the author of this paper deals with the constitutional status of public prosecution service in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. He analyses public prosecution service as a constitutional institution in general and then by comparison he focuses on constitutional regulation of the Slovak and Czech public prosecution service. The final parts contain brief evaluation of the current legal status and some possible considerations de constitutione ferenda.
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VEREJNÁ ŽALOBA V ANGLO-AMERICKOM PRÁVNOM SYSTÉME

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Šramel B.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2014
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vol. 97
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issue 1
64 – 79
EN
The author of this article deals with the public prosecution in the Anglo-American legal system. The Anglo-American legal system is one of the biggest legal systems in the world that has many particularities. One of them is the organization and competence of the public prosecution offices. Therefore the author analyzes public prosecution system existing in the original English legal system that has had an enormous influence on the form of public prosecution systems of other Anglo-American countries. Subsequently the author deals with the American public prosecution system that has after time diverted from the English public prosecution system. The author of the article also analyzes the historical background of formation and developement of the public prosecution offices and points out to some criticised aspects of the Anglo-American public prosecution system.
3
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Referendum in the Slovak Legal Order: Many Questions, Few Answers?

100%
Šramel B.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2022
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vol. 31
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issue 1
169-190
PL
Autor niniejszego artykułu zajmuje się kwestią referendum w słowackim porządku prawnym, która od dawna jest przedmiotem licznych debat specjalistów w Republice Słowackiej. Jest to instytucja prawna, która na Słowacji jest stosunkowo problematyczna, ponieważ regulacja prawna dotycząca referendum jest pod wieloma względami napisana niejasno i rodzi wiele pytań z punktu widzenia praktycznego jej stosowania. Z tego powodu w pierwszych częściach artykułu autor analizuje ogólnie regulacje prawne dotyczące referendum w Republice Słowackiej i stawia pytania, na które słowacka nauka prawa nie daje jasnych odpowiedzi. Jednocześnie analizuje ostatnie orzeczenie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego Republiki Słowackiej, które wzbogaciło omawiane zagadnienie o kilka nowych i niezbędnych odpowiedzi.
EN
The author of this paper deals with the issue of the referendum in the Slovak legal order, which has long been the subject of numerous professional debates in the Slovak Republic. It is a legal institution that is relatively problematic in Slovakia because the legal regulation concerning the referendum is written in many respects vaguely and raises many questions from a practical-application point of view. For this reason, in the first chapters, the author examines the legal regulation of the referendum in the Slovak Republic in general and outlines the questions to which Slovak legal science does not have clear answers. At the same time, the author analyses the latest decision of the Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic, which has enriched the issue in question with some new and necessary answers.
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