As in the first part of this paper (see “LingVaria” 2016 1 (21) ), also here the author describes selected non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary from the period from the 16th to the 18th century. They are not always taken into account by the editors of historical dictionaries, despite the fact that they contain a wealth of interesting vocabulary from various areas of everyday life of peasants and townsmen, from the history of law and judicature, trade, craft, military, etc. This vocabulary constitutes a constant element in the history of the lexical resources of Polish, and a testimony of the history of culture.
Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper collects and discusses lexis in the field of legal and judicial procedure. First, the history of the field procedura ‘procedure’ is briefly presented from Old Polish to modern times, and then the history of the field dilatio (‘adjorunment’) is discussed in more detail. In the Old Polish period, the most common names in the field dilatio were odwłoka, fryszt, odkład, and also several deverbal derivatives in -anie, -enie (e.g. odkładanie, odwleczenie, przewleczenie), which were however rarely written down in the sources. In the 16th c., this type becomes relatively popular, but the frequency of specific names is also very low at that time; the names odwłoka, przewłoka and zwłoka are much more common. From the second half of the 16th till the end of the 18th c., the centre of the field is dominated by dilatio, a loan word from Latin. In mid-18th c. the name odroczenie appears as an innovation, rare at first but gradually ousting the foreign dylacja and beginning to reign supreme.
Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper presents the history of legal terms relating to the court procedure: apelacyja ‘appeal’, mocyja ‘judge reprimand’, odesłanie ‘referral’, dawność ‘non-claim’, zasiedzenie ‘usucaption’. Appeal was first practiced in Poland under the Magdeburg Rights, and only since the first quarter of the 16th century also in the and law. On the other hand, the so-called mocyja, i.e. reprimanding of the judge, had been employed for much longer. Difficult cases were sent to a higher court already in the Middle Ages, if the lower court was deemed incompetent, hence odesłanie, remisyja, remisa ‘remittal’. The 1346–1347 statutes of king Casimir III the Great recognize the institution of prescription, hence dawność, preskrypcja ‘non-claim’. Finally, zasiedzenie is ‘the acquisition of ownership by a long, undisputed use’. The use of the word fields method has made it possible to reveal many, often rare, terms that function in various groups, the mutual competition between the components of fields, the victory of some, and the disappearance of others. The evolution of the fields has limited the number of synonyms in simultaneous use.
Der vorliegende Aufsatz ist ein Versuch, 15 altpolnische Wörter mit der Bedeutung ‘vicarius, advocatus, patronus’ und derer Geschichte im Laufe bis 1600 im Lichte der Wortfeldtheorie darzustellen. Schon im 15. Jhd. befinden sich im Zentrum des Wortfeldes die Bezeichnungen pierca. prokurator, rzecznik - die wir im Titel (Zitat aus der in der Mitte des 15. Jhds. entstandenen Übersetzung der früheren polnischen Rechte) sehen - und zachodica. Andere 11 Bezeichnungen bilden zu dieser Zeit Peripherie des Feldes. Aber auch die Glieder des Zentrums sind differenziert - pierca ist ein masowisches Wort, prokurator - grosspolnisch; nur rzecznik und zachodica sind gesamtpolnisch. Infolge der weiteren Entwicklung befinden sich schon in der Mitte des 16. Jhds. nur prokurator und rzecznik im Zentrum; pierca und zachodica verschwinden überhaupt aus dem Wortfeld, geschweige andere Kompenenten. Ende des 16. Jhds. ist ein ausschliesslicher Glied des Zentrums prokurator - sein Sieg ist auf den damaligen Zustrom des lateinischen Wortgutes in die polnische Rechtsterminologie zurückzuführen.
The author discusses non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary from the period from the 16th to the 18th century. They are not always taken into account by the editors of the newest historical dictionaries, despite the fact that they contain a wealth of interesting vocabulary from various areas of everyday life of peasants and townsmen, from the history of law and judicature, trade, craft, military, etc. Many of those words have survived till our times, constituting a lasting legacy of Polish vocabulary and a testimony of the history of culture.
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