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Północnokresowe i białoruskie nazwy jałowca na tle słowiańskim

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Bednarczuk L.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2015
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issue 10
9-14
EN
The Polish-wide word jałowiec (Juniperus communis) in the Polish language of the northeastern borderlands exists (already since Adam Mickiewicz’s times) as the variant jadłowiec, and in the present Wilno dialects also as the forms jodłowiec, ja/edleniec as well as a number of other forms. Among the aforementioned forms the variants which feature -d- are a result of Polish-Belarusian contact, due to which the Belarusian jadłoec arose from the native jałoec as a hypercorrect form through adideation to the Polish jodła, and jadleńec arose from the native jaleńec according to this pattern. The forms with -d- which emerged in this manner were borrowed by the regional Polish language from Belarusian as jadłowiec and the less frequent jadleniec. The article also explains the names of the juniper in other Slavic languages. The majority of them originally referred to shrubs of coniferous trees (fir, spruce, pine).
2
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Koldras Lacki na Turbaczu

100%
Bednarczuk L.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2019
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issue 14
20-23
XX
Professor Józefa Kobylińska, who was investigating her local dialect and Władysław Orkan’s language, paid attention to the writing on one of the rocks on Turbacz – Koldras Lacki, mentioned in W roztokach (1903), and associated it with the surname Koldras, found in southern Małopolska. It might have been used to denote a Roma from Kelderasz tribe, the people who made a living out of coppersmithing (from Romanian căldare ‘a boiler’), while the word ‘Polish’ Lacki might have been given by Russian-speaking Wallachian shepherds in Gorce. According to Kobylińska, the name Turbacz originated from the Russian *Turbacz with an ablaut, like in gorczanski dialect murczeć / mruczeć, frunąć / furnąć.
3
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Kontakty językowe w przedhistorycznej Europie środkowo-wschodniej

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Bednarczuk L.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2017
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vol. 73
175-194
PL
Proces rozpadu prajęzyka na dialekty indoeuropejskie odbywał się drogą falową. Najpierw oderwały się od wspólnoty praindoeuropejskiej dialekty peryferyjne – greka, italskie, celtyckie, germańskie (oraz odkryte w XX w. języki tocharski i hetycki), zachowujące na ogół stan pierwotny. Natomiast dawne centrum, z którego rozwinęły się języki bałto-słowiańskie, indo-irańskie, ormiański i albański (i spokrewnione z nim antyczne języki Bałkanów), dokonywało kolejnych innowacji, zmieniając m.in. praindoeurpejskie spółgłoski palato-welarne w odpowiednie spiranty. Stąd nazwa języki „satemowe” od liczebnika ‘sto’ awest. satəm oraz języki „kentumowe” od łac. centum [kentum] < pie. *kMtom. Podziałowi temu przeciwstawiają się mniej wyraźne, ale jak się zdaje wcześniejsze, różnice między na ogół zachowawczą grupą południową oraz raczej innowacyjną północną, z której wyodrębniły się języki bałto-słowiańskie i związany z nimi albański oraz oddziałująca na słowiańskie łacina bałkańska. Natomiast języki germańskie wpływały nie tylko na słowiańskie, mniej bałtyckie i pobliskie ugrofińskie, które wcześniej weszły w kontakt w bałto-słowiańskimi, a przed nimi z irańskimi. Te ostatnie, nie licząc starych nawiązań, oddziałały na słowiańskie, w których odnajdujemy nieliczne zapożyczenia ałtajskie. Wymienione tu związki gentyczne i wtórne kontakty, widoczne są zarówno w podobieństwie systemów gramatycznych, jak też w słownictwie odziedziczonym i zapożyczonym, którego semantyka rzuca pewne światło na charakter i miejsce tych kontaków.
EN
Even if we assume that Proto-Indo-European was originally a homogeneous language, it seems highly probable that before the disintegration of the Indo-European community the proto-language had been dialectally differentiated. It is generally assumed that the most decisive change in the Indo-Euro pean community was its division into central “satem” and peripheral “kentum” areas. Older and more profound differences seem to be those between the northern and southern areas. The dialects from which the Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages arose formed the centre of the northern group, whereas those from which later the Greek, Armenian, and Indo-Iranian languages were derived formed the centre of the southern area. Between these poles oscillated the dialects which showed certain individual features of both groups but which did not explicitly belong to either of them. From among these, the Albanian language and in some respects the Celtic languages approached the northern area. The mutual disintegration and the subsequent reintegration of the Indo-European dialectal communities led to the formation of separate languages and more compact communities (such as Balto-Slavic) of closely related languages. Apart from these compact communities, secondary contacts between the separate languages in prehistoric East-Central Europe have to be taken into account. In need of a discussion are the mutual relations between: Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Albanian, Iranian, Finno-Ugric and Altaic.
4
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Językowe pogranicza polszczyzny

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Bednarczuk L.
Gwary Dziś
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2017
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vol. 9
85-158
5
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Z historii składni polskiej

100%
Bednarczuk L.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2017
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issue 12
20-23
EN
The subject of the article are certain conjuctional constructions in ancient Polish language with (1) sociative preposition, (2) participle, (3) verbe – sentence, (4) hypotaxis – parataxis, (5) repeated conjunction (polysyndeton). In conclusion is presented state and perspectives of researches in historical syntax.
6
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Tabliczki z Podebłocia w świetle inskrypcji greckich na Rusi Kijowskiej

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Bednarczuk L.
Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie
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2014
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vol. 14
143-150
EN
In 1986, during excavations at Podebłocie (a locality near Vistula c. 100 km south of Warsaw) 3 clay tablets dated between IX–XI centuries A. D. were found. Professor T. Wasilewski (1987) interpreted the inscription as placed on them as I X C H which represents the Byzantine Christogram: IC/XC – NI/KA = IHCOYC XPICTOCNIKA. This Christogramm occurs often in different inscriptions in KievanRus’, namely in 3 stones of duce Borys in Dvina near Połock, 1128, in Cross on stone of duce Rogvolod near of town Druck as well as in of Kievanencolpions. In the territory of Poland were discovered over 50 encolpions. One of them fund in excavation Horodyszcze in Trepcza near Sanok (XII–XIII c.) has Christogram IC / XC N (K ), whereas X P was engravedon the bronze encolpion in Ostrów Lednicki near Gniezno (first half of XI c.). As it seems, also tablets from Podebłocie are of Church Russian origin. Its author might be captive Orthodox believer taken during Kiev expedition of Bolesław the Brave in 1018 and then settled in Podebłocie, where he engraved inscription in the tablets.
7
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Profesor Jan Ożdżyński (1941–2019)

75%
Bednarczuk L.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2020
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vol. 76
29-31
PL
Wspomnienie
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