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PL
Jak powstawał Fotosuplement do Słownika warszawskiego i co z tego wyszło
PL
Dychotomizacja tematyczno-desinencjonalna w świetle algorytmicznej koncepcji opisu deklinacyjnego
PL
Automatyczne metody ekscerpcji neologizmów, czyli słowotwórstwo faktograficzne
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EN
A theory of linguochronologization (TLCH) is outlined and offered for consideration. Linguochronology as a subdiscipline of applied linguistics is composed of a theoretical and a practical part. This latter could be termed linguochronography. The subject matter of TLCH is textual reality, that is, the reality comprised of all texts ever produced by the users of any given ethnic language, in this case Polish (the texts of which have been obtained from the dLibra system devised by the Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center). The theory proposed here is particularly oriented towards the chronologization of units of language (types) via a datation operation of the textual objects (tokens) by which these units are represented. Within TLCH the following components are distinguishable: (i) primitive terms, (ii) postulates (axioms), (iii) directives, (iv) photodocumentation. The primitive terms include: units of language, textual objects, textual dimensions (parameters), and others. By means of the postulates, textual objects are characterized with respect to textual dimensions. The directives secure the application of effective procedures for a linguochronographic enterprise. One of these procedures is just photodocumentation which enhances the reliability of the inquiry into graphic properties of printed texts including both their spelling and typography and at the same time serving as a confirmation procedure. Subsequently some theoretical and practical problems of linguochronologization are submitted for discussion inspired by Prof. Krystyna Waszakowa’s paper (2010), which abounds in penetrating and critical observations and foreshadows, at long last, the beginning of a pertinent debate concerning TLCH.
PL
Czy dzieło otwarte poddaje się analizom strukturalistycznym? Koncepcja rekonstrukcji analizy wymiarowej
PL
REPRODUCIBILITY WITHIN THE CONFINES OF TRANSLATION UNITS Summary The article presents a multi-word unit retrieval procedure set against the background of other computer science-based methods for the retrieval of multi-word idiomatic units (methods: T-score, Mutual Information, n-gramming etc. and, on the other hand, observation of structural idiomaticity determinants). In Polish language and contrastive Polish-Russian linguistics major inspirations concerning the description of idiomatic combinations (multi-word units, such as przepraszamy za usterki, czwórka z Liverpoolu, lista Wildsteina etc.) were proposed by A. Bogusławski and their extensive development was carried out in W. Chlebda’s group (retrieval, collection, position of multi-word units in cultural contexts, reconstruction of authorship, semantic interpretation and even translation suggestions). Automatic methods can be divided into advanced statistical methods (n-gramming, see Yamamoto, Church 2001, Buczyński 2004) and “infantile” approaches (e.g. so-called quotation retrieval, cf., among others, Wierzchoń 2005). The present article puts forward a new method for the retrieval of idiomatic combinations applied to a specifi c text, that is, a reverse order index of transla-tion units. The reverse index lists translation pairs made up of Russian and Polish language segments (words, phrases etc.) ordered according to the sequence of the Russian and Polish alphabet, respectively. Reproducibility of their components is searched for within the confi nes of those pairs. The retrieval method in question to some extent uses ready (lexicographically compiled) multi-word units, the improvement being, however, the development of their presentation in order to enable relatively uncomplicated observation of the reproducibility of translation pair components.  ВОСПРОИЗВОДИМОСТЬ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ПЕРЕВОДНЫХ ПАР Резюме Статья содержит краткий обзор методов эксцерпции устойчивых сверхлексемных об-разований, используемых в информатических кругах (напр., T-score, Mutual Information, n-gramming, анализ структурных показателей идиоматичности и т.п.). Предлагая еще одну процедуру выделения устойчивых сверхлексемных образований, автор исходит из идей, предложенных на почве польского и сопоставительного польско-русского языкознания Анджеем Богуславским (концепция единиц языка типа przepraszamy za usterki, czwórka z Liverpoolu, lista Wildsteina) и развитых Войцехом Хлебдой (вопросы эксцерпции, связи с культурным контекстом, восстановления авторства, семантической интерпретации, возможности перевода и т.п.). Автоматические методы можно разделить на продвинутые статистические (n-gramming - Yamamoto, Church 2001, Buczyński 2004) и «инфантильные» подходы (эксцерпция «по кавычкам»; см. Wierzchoń 2005). Дополнительный метод эксцерпции устойчивых сверхлексемных образований основан на анализе специфического текста, которым является обратный словарь переводных пар, разработанный автором. В пределах этих пар и ведется поиск воспроизводимости их компонентов. Эксцерпция сводится, таким образом, к использованию готовых, т.е. лексикографически уже разработанных, устойчивых сверхлексемных образований, новой же является форма их демонстрации, позволяющая вести несложные наблюдения за воспроизводимостью компонентов переводных пар.
EN
This paper discusses a project to develop a lexico-derivational model of 20th-century Polish vocabulary. On the one hand, this model should be constructed in accordance with the Polish tradition of great lexico-derivational models such as Satkiewicz 1969, Smółkowa 1976, Jadacka 2001 and Waszakowa 2005. On the other hand, it should take into consideration new empirical material gained from the application of linguochronoligization theory (TLCH). A crucial part in the construction of the new model is played by lexical material from the first half of the 20th century, which by the end of the first decade of the 21st century was available only in very limited quantity, most of it coming from systematic, long-term extraction research carried out by Jan Wawrzyńczyk. Therefore this article describes the milestones which have led to the present state, in which it is possible to formulate a plan for the development of such a model. Moreover, the limitations and shortcomings of previous lexico-derivational models are discussed. As a result, a list of 37 questions which could be answered by the emerging model of Polish vocabulary is given. Also, selected graphs are presented to illustrate the diachronic dynamics of Polish vocabulary in the first half of the 20th century. 
PL
Koncepcja automatyzacji klasyfikacji rzeczownika języka staro-cerkiewnosłowiańskiego w grupy deklinacyjne
PL
In the present text, we discuss the phenomenon of recurrence with a special focus on the issue of its formal, mathematical description. Words as well as linguistic and extralingusitic expressions created by the means of recurrence have been described along with their subject references (denotants), the methods of their construction and record. The restrictions implied on their creation were shown in the classes defined by the areas of language: system, norm and usage. We also analysed their intonation in speech. In the description, a formalism based on the theory of sets was used (set theory, abstraction classes, n-dice theory). The examples came from a corpus of Polish.
EN
The paper presents a method for the automatic diachronic normalization of Polish texts – the procedure, which, for a given historical text, returns its contemporary spelling. The method applies finite-state transducers, defined in a sublanguage of the Thrax formalism. The paper discusses linguistic issues, such as evolution in spelling of the Polish language, as well as implementation aspects, such as efficiency or testing the proposed method.
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