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The article concerns three aspects of Medieval woman: as a ruler, as mother and as ruler’s adviser (meaning person from a close circle of a ruler). All characters who appeard in Master Wincenty’s Chronicle were evidently positive or negative. Woman regarded as positive should be perfect both as a ruler and as mother, even when it did not agree with historical sources known to the author. On the other hand, woman regarded as negative should be bad mother as well as an incompetent ruler or woman having harmful influence on her husband. Semiramis - queen of Assyria, Tamyris - queen of Skythai, Rycheza - wife of Mieszko II and Helena - wife of Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy are the most throughly described women of the Chronicle. They were showed both as rulers and mothers.
EN
An article entitled "The Polish ciceronianist - Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski and the church Latin", deals with the problem of a semantic evolution of some political terms used by Modrzewski in his work "De Republica emendanda".
EN
Heroic epic poem entitled Radivilias sive de vita et moribus praeclarissime gestis immortalis memoriae illustrissimi principis Nicolai Radivili … libri quattuor, by Jan Radwan, was published in Vilnius in 1592. The historical narration about the chief events connected with the Livonian War (1558-1582) when Poland and the Great Duchy of Lithuania were struggling against Ivan, the Terrible serves as a setting for a panegyric portrait of the main hero of the poem, Mikołaj Radziwiłł, the Red and his heroic deeds. The author of Radivilias takes Radziwiłł to Helicon, place sacred to a succession of poetic memories, where he meets Musaeus. This part of the poem resembles Cicero’s Dream of Scipio, but we can see an essential difference between these two texts (Cicero - dream, dead ancestors, rational justification, Radwan - mythological motif, legendary poet Musaeus and poetry as a source of wisdom). Radwan is very realistic. He does not dream about return of the Golden Age, but emphasises the fragility of earthly glory and concentrates his attention upon the only true life - the life after death. This article aims at discussing Radwan’s conception of the function of the Musaeus’ prophecy in the whole context of the poem. The attention is being given also to a prohetic significance of poetry.
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