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EN
A journey as a component of rites of passages in Kornel Makuszyński’s novels for girls The article is an attempt to present the theme of a journey in Kornel Makuszyński’s three novels for girls considered as a component of rites of passage. As scholars claim, novel for girls has an initiatory nature, because their aim is to prepare readers for their future women’s roles. Therefore, discussing them in rites of passage context seems justified. There are a few elements of rites of passage, such as greeting or farewell. Their presence in Kornel Makuszyński’s novels in combination with change which happens to the characters, may testify to their passage nature. Also, the destinations of girls’ journeys is significant for the epoque in which the novels were written as well as for the author’s biography. Zakopane in particular was a very special place for Makuszyński. Its presence in his novels is by no means accidential and the fact that it generates a change in one of the character’s life, is meaningful. In each novel there are at least two journeys; the first one makes a prelude to the main one, long and mostly solitary , which may be a component of rites of passage.
Filoteknos
|
2022
|
issue 12
257-270
EN
According to Małgorzata Wójcik-Dudek, „love takes the central place in the novels for girls. The reason for this fact is not only because of the emotional needs of young readers, but it is also the genetic consequence of the sub-genre”. The aim of the article is to examine the changes of the novels for girls which take place during three social and literary periods (middle-war, post-war period and contemporaneity) in terms of the way of presenting the main characters: especially the relations between male and female, which are being built by characters or – more often – which are being imposed on them; by the frames of genre, as well as by the readers’ expectations. The bestselling and canonical novels for girls have been analyzed (some of which are on the complementary reading list for primary schools): by Kornel Makuszyński, Krystyna Siesicka, Małgorzata Musierowicz or by Ewa Nowak. These are the classical novels, model for their sub-genre. Their main characters are easily recognizable, distinctive, sometimes they are the prototype of the type of character which is being developed later. The fact that the characters finding their way into the consciousness of an audience results in readers taking over the kind of a value system which is promoted in the novel. At the head of it there is a designed love – the model of a feeling, which is also associated with the heroines’ profiles and their attitude towards the world.
Filoteknos
|
2019
|
issue 9
357–377
PL
Ze względu na przynależność gatunkową cyklu Małgorzaty Musierowicz Jeżycjada, sposób kreowania w nim żeńskich bohaterek powinien być jednym z najważniejszych przedmiotów zainteresowania badacza tych powieści. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że kobiety w świecie autorki Kwiatu kalafiora dominują zarówno liczebnie, jak strukturalnie, stanowią jednak stosunkowo monolityczną grupę, dopasowując się do wzorca, który nie ulega znaczącym modyfikacjom na przestrzeni lat. Dzięki ciągłości fabularnej czytelnik może śledzić dorastanie wielu bohaterek; ich przemiany na różnych etapach życia. W okresie młodzieńczym dzielą się one na (finalnie) poskromione buntowniczki i pokorne konformistki. Zakończenie tego okresu nieuchronnie oznacza wejście w związek małżeński i założenie rodziny. Charakterystyczna jest spójność modelu, w który wpisują się zarówno męscy, jak żeńscy bohaterowie sagi. Symptomatyczna jest także nieobecność wątków feministycznych w wymiarze innym niż komiczny bądź epizodyczny. W artykule analizie poddane zostały powieści od Szóstej klepki (1977) do Ciotki Zgryzotki (2018), co umożliwiło podejście komparatystyczne i ukazanie sposobu kreowania kobiecej (dziewczęcej) bohaterki w kontekście przemian społecznych, historycznych oraz politycznych. Dzięki sięgnięciu do pojęć obecnych we współczesnym dyskursie społecznym, takich jak feminizm oraz płeć kulturowa, i przyłożeniu ich do treści Jeżycjady, można otrzymać stosunkowo spójny obraz wzorca kobiety opisywanej, a zatem i lansowanej przez autorkę. W szerszej perspektywie może to prowadzić do wyciągnięcia wniosków na temat roli kobiety w powieściach dla dziewcząt w ogóle.
EN
Due to the genre membership of Małgorzata Musierowicz’s novel series „Jeżycjada”, the way of creating its heroines should be one of the most important objects of interest while studying and researching the series. Undoubtedly, the women in Musierowicz’s world of fiction outnamber the male characters, but they also dominate in terms of structure; nevertheless, they are a relatively monolithic group, matching up to the standard, which doesn’t undergo significant modifications throughout the years. Because of the continuity of fiction, the reader can observe various stages of adolescence of those heroines and their conversions during specific stages of life. During the youth stage, they divide into two groups: the (ultimately) tamed rebels and the humble conformists. The end of this stage inevitably means getting married and having their own family. The cohesion of the model is very characteristic, in which fit in the heroes, as well as the heroines. The absence of feminist plots is also very symptomatic, unless they appear as comical or episodic. In the article have been analyzed the novels from Szósta klepka (1977) to Ciotka Zgryzotka (2018), which let apply a comparative approach and show the way of creating heroine in the context of a social, historical and political alterations. Ranging the ideas of feminism or gender and applying them to the „Jeżycjada”’s plot let receive relatively consistent view of the portrayed woman, therefore promoted by the author. In a wider perspective, it can lead to conclusions on woman’s role in novels for girls in general.
PL
W artykule opisano zawartość wybranych numerów „Gazety Podhalańskiej” – periodyku ukazującego się na Podhalu w latach 1913–1935 oraz 1946–1947. Autorka skupiła się przede wszystkim na treściach politycznych obejmujących ówczesne wydarzenia, ale też kultywowanie pamięci o dziejowo ważnych momentach (jak powstanie styczniowe czy uchwalenie Konstytucji 3 Maja). Przeanalizowała treści kulturalne zawarte w tekstach literackich publikowanych na łamach czasopisma oraz w artykułach popularyzujących utwory istniejące już na rynku wydawniczym. Ponadto przedstawiła obraz kobiety, jaki wyłania się z „Gazety Podhalańskiej”: z jednej strony przełamujący stereotypy, z drugiej jednak utrwalający je. Podkreśliła rolę pamięci i tradycji, do której dużą wagę przywiązywała zarówno redakcja pisma, jak i jego czytelnicy.
EN
The article describes the content of the selected issues of “Gazeta Podhalańska”, a periodical which appeared in the Podhale region in 1913–1935 and in 1946–1947. The author focuses above all on the political content, which involves current events but also the cultivation of memory about historically important events (such as the January Uprising or the adoption of the Constitution of 3 May 1791); and cultural events, which include both literary texts which were published in the periodical, as well as the popularisation of works which already existed on the publishing market. There is also a presentation of the image of woman which is revealed in the texts of the “Gazeta Podhalańska”: on the one hand, it breaks stereotypes, but on the other hand it solidifies them. The article emphasises the role of memory and tradition, to which great significance is attached by both the editors of the periodical and its readers.
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