Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 8

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
The article presents new understanding of the certainty which appears in the 20th century in relation to revolutionary changes of the important for the philosophy notionsas: the subject, the existence, the cognition, or the knowledge. The author is makingthe presentation by pointing to the new, comparing to the modern tradition, sourceof the knowledge. Describing her new figure as the sense, which is not reflectedby the subject but is freeing, the certainty is finding not in thecogito, located outsidethe world, but in thebehaviorof the embodied subject.
EN
The ten-year duration of the new century, moving away from the end of the twentieth century, inspire to reflection on the impact of modern thought on the shape of the life of modern societies. It pressing for the question, important from the standpoint of philosophy, if the ordinary mind reflects the knowledge, manifested in the way that they live in the community? In short, the issue will be about human self-understanding as it is developed through anthropological reflection of contemporary life and its shape. In my essay I’m trying to show the consequences of the new approach of understanding of the concept of the body, which was developed in the twentieth century. This approach is reflected in the ethical kind of demands. For this purpose, I use both Nietzsche’s, Merleau-Ponty’s and Sartre’s concept of bodiness and reflections on the future of humanity developed by Arendt. My conclusion is that the desubstantialisation of the body is associated with the ethical postulate of concern for the world.
EN
The article deals with the issue of perception. In it I present Wittgenstein’s con cept of “seeing as” and Bohm’s concept of thinking as a reflex. By pointing to the similarities and differences in their views, I am trying to pose the question of what makes our perception conditioned. Having assessed this fact, I then pose a question about the possibility of unconditioned perception. Thus, I will try to answer two questions: are there reasons why we should free ourselves from this type of percep tion (?), and whether and how it is possible at all (?).
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problemu percepcji. Przedstawiam w nim koncpecję"widzenia jako" Wittgensteina, oraz koncepcje myślenia jako odruchu Bohma. Wskazując podobieństwa i różnice w poglądach Wittgensteina i Bohma zmierzać będę do postawienia pytania o to, co sprawia, że nasze postrzeganie jest uwarunkowane. Po dokonaniu oceny tego faktu, w dalszej kolejności postawię pytanie o możliwość percepcji nieuwarunkowanej. Tym samym spróbuję odpowiedzieć na dwa pytania: czy istnieją powody, dla których powinniśmy wyzwalać się z tego rodzaju percepcji, a także czy i jak jest to w ogóle możliwe?
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Do Scientists Seek the Truth?

100%
EN
In this article I try to answer the question if it is true that scientists discover the truth. The question is based on the tradition which the existence of objective truth about reality treats like a myth. I recall the hermeneutics tradition, according to which there is nothing like an objective truth, but there are truths. According to Gadamer, a human being is not the subject who discovers the objective reality, but the interpreter, one who brings out the meaning. On the basis of these framework assumptions I ask two questions. The first of these concerns the object of research for scientists. What is the reality of an interpreter built from? Using a variety of traditions, as referring to Fleck, Wittgenstein and Derrida I give an answer that these are cultural and historical components, not the objects as they are understood in the mathematical sciences. The second question concerns the issue of consciousness of the scientist. In reply I conclude that, despite the fact that the concept of objective truth is empty, it has a character of a white lie. The myth presents in philosophy is false but useful: the conviction of scientists that this myth is true allows for the new meaning to appear.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy naukowcy odkrywają prawdę? Pytanie to postawione zostaje w oparciu o tradycję, w której istnienie obiektywnej prawdy na temat rzeczywistości jest mitem. Przywołana zostaje tradycja hermeneutyczna, zgodnie z którą istnieją prawdy, a nie prawda. Według Gadamera podmiot nie jest podmiotem poznającym obiektywną rzeczywistość ale interpretatorem, który wydobywa znaczenie, sens w jakim jawi się rzeczywistość. Na bazie tak sformułowanych założeń postawione zostają dwa pytania. Pierwsze z nich dotyczy przedmiotu badań naukowców. Co jest budulcem rzeczywistości interpretatora? Korzystając z różnych tradycji, bo odnosząc się zarówno do Flecka, Wittgensteina, jak i Derridy formułuję odpowiedź, że są to kulturowe i historyczne komponenty, nie zaś przedmioty tak jak się je rozumie w naukach matematycznych. Drugie zaś pytanie dotyczy kwestii świadomości naukowca. Rozważania na ten temat konkluduję twierdzeniem, że mimo tego, że pojęcie prawdy obiektywnej jest puste, przybiera charakter białego kłamstwa. Jest użytecznym – bo pozwalającym by świat ukazał się w pewnym ze swych znaczeń – ale jednak mitem przekonanych o jego prawdziwości naukowców.
5
Content available remote

Problem samouchwytności ciała – Husserl i Sartre

100%
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest kwestia uchwytności ludzkiego ciała. Problematyka człowieka należy do najobszerniej opracowanych w piśmiennictwie w XX wieku. Wielu wybitnych filozofów piszących w tym czasie óbowało znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie kim jesteśmy. I mimo że nie daje się stanowisk sprowadzić do jednego, zwartego sposobu myślenia o podmiocie, introspekcji jako drogi prowadzącej do samowiedzy jest rysem dla wielu z nich. Wraz z ideą nieuchwytności ludziego ego się idea nieuchwytności ludzkiego ciała. Ilustracją tej zmiany jest koncepcji intersubiektywności i Sartre'a. W ocenie pierwszego z nich zarówno własna psychika jak i ciało są nam dane w spostrzeżeniu sposób źródłowy, postrzeżenie ciała dokonuje się za pośrednictwem własnego ciała. Psychika innego uobecnia się poprez ciało, choć pośrednictwo to nie jest percypowane. Miarą uchwytności cielesności - czy to mojej, czy innego - jest moje własne ciało. Myśl ta ulega "odwróceniu" - u Sartre'a. Zarówno dusza jak i ciało tracą możliwość samoujęcia. Nie oznacza to że inny pozostaje nieujmowalny. Jego znajomość nie wymaga samoznajomości. Psychika innego dana jest bezpośrednio poprez jego ciało, zaś ono samo dane jest bezpośrednio. To własne ciało wymaga obecności innego (wyrasta u jego boku) - zawiera się bowiem we wszystkim, co nie jest nim samym.
EN
The topic of the article is the way in which a human being can grasp its own body. The confrontation between Husserl's and Sartre's philosophy about meeting Another is my way of showing the radical change in our understanding of the problem of how we know our own body. According to Husserl both our psyche and body are given to us immediately. The body of Another is given to us by means of our own body. The psyche of Another is made present through his body. This conception is inverted by Sartre. Both the psyche and the body are no longer able to grasp themselves. Yet this does not mean that Another is ungraspable. Knowledge of him does not require self-knowledge. The psyche of Another is given through his body, which is given immediately. Our own body needs the body of Another - it is contained in everything that is not itself.
EN
The first half of the 20th century witnessed the development of the classic eugenics. Some countries in Europe and the USA of different historical past, cultures and degree of development were universally attracted by the eugenic ideology. This raises few questions concerning the basis of its universal attractiveness for masses and its success. This article answers those questions indicating strong (religious-like) belief in the myth which served as a base for the eugenical way of thinking (being older than this thought). This myth narrates a story about the existence of “real people” who lived in the past, yet unfavourable circumstances caused their degradation, but who—with the assistance of physicians (technocrats of the new society) and through medical procedures—may be reborn. This paper aims at the reconstruction of the myth on the basis of the writings of Plato, Campanella and Nietzsche. As examples of its “realization” of the myth, I provide the activities of the institutions like Lebensborn houses in Germany and Nobel Sperm Bank in the USA.
EN
Traditionally mental life of the person goes into "seclusion" called his/her interior. It is believed that because of its secret nature of the it and because it is not immediately given to other subject who may – at best – guess of what "goes in". Free access one has got only to his/her own experiences (feelings, emotions, thoughts etc.). In the twentieth century (and a bit earlier) this traditional view is criticizedand changed. As a fruit of this criticism emerged the opposite trend: the knowledge of both my and his/her inner experience is explain by introducing an element that allows this knowledge and is placed outside any of them. I call it the impersonal sphere of nobody – supra-individual matrix of the knowledge of my and his/her mental life. In this article I try to indicate the origin of the idea of this sphere giving its main characteristics. A description is based on the views of known philosophers: Nietzsche, Scheler and Wittgenstein and one sociologist – Goffman.
EN
The ten-year duration of the new century, moving away from the end of the twentieth century, inspire to reflection on the impact of modern thought on the shape of the life of modern societies. It pressing for the question, important from the standpoint of philosophy, if the ordinary mind reflects the knowledge, manifested in the way that they live in the community? In short, the issue will be about human self-understanding as it is developed through anthropological reflection of contemporary life and its shape. In my essay I’m trying to show the consequences of the new approach of understanding of the concept of the body, which was developed in the twentieth century. This approach is reflected in the ethical kind of demands. For this purpose, I use both Nietzsche’s, Merleau-Ponty’s and Sartre’s concept of bodiness and reflections on the future of humanity developed by Arendt. My conclusion is that the desubstantialisation of the body is associated with the ethical postulate of concern for the world.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.