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Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania nałogu palenia w populacji polskiej. Wyniki Ogólnopolskiego Badania Stanu Zdrowia Ludności Polski – WOBASZ

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Polakowska M., Broda G., Drygas W., Głuszek J., Kozakiewicz K., Pająk A., Wyrzykowski B.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2009
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vol. 7
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issue 2
PL
Psycho-social factors related with smoking in the Polish populationAim of the study is to examine the relationship between smoking and psychosocial factors – in the Polish population aged 20–74 years. Methodology: Results are based on data from WOBASZ. Survey covered a representative sample of men and women aged 20–74 years. Data was collected from the response to the questions from the questionnaire. Smoker was defined as the person who regularly smokes at least 1 cigarette per day.Results: From the drawn sample 13,285 people were examined – 6291 men and 6994 women. Smokers were 42% of men and 25% of women. Most smokers were pointed out in the groups aged 35–44 (44% M, 32% W) and 45–54 years (46% M and 31% W). The least smokers were in the oldest group aged 65–74 22% M and 5% W. The average age of initiation is low – 18 ± 3.6 years for men and 20 ± 4.9 years for women. Most smokers have primary education (69% M and 53% W), several times more in compare to those with higher education (6% M and 10% W). Most often smoker is a person doing physical work (43% M and 29% W). Single men smoked more often (43% M). Most smokers were in the lowest income group (44% M and 27% W) compared to those with the highest income (25% M, 18% W). People with low social support have a higher frequency of smoking (35% M, 41% W), and persons with depressive symptoms (23% M, 30% W). Most of the smokers declared intention to quit smoking (85% M and 83% W). The most common reasons for quitting were self-motivation (more than 40% of smokers), and fear of disease (17% W, 18% M).
2
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The level of knowledge of diabetic prevention in Poland – is there a phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance?

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Pawlak-Sobczak K., Drygas W., Kwaśniewska M., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Pająk A., Kozakiewicz K., Zdrojewski T., Rutkowski M., Tykarski A., Bielecki W.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 5
667-678
EN
ObjectivesThe main aim of this work is to assess the level of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes in the Polish society, as well as to indicate the variables that have a significant impact on that knowledge.Material and MethodsThe analysis is based on the results of the National Multicenter Health Survey – WOBASZ II. The number of subjects surveyed was 6170, including 2760 men and 3410 women, aged 20–74 years. Data on socio-demographic variables, lifestyle and subjective health assessment were collected using the face-to-face technique.ResultsThe results obtained in the WOBASZ II project showed that >85% of the respondents had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about diabetes prevention methods and approximately to 85% of the respondents – about the consequences of untreated diabetes. Moreover, one-fourth of the respondents were unable to identify a single way of preventing diabetes, and more than one-third could not identify a single disease caused by diabetes. The risk of a lack of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes is more common for men, people with a low level of education, not married, non-diabetic, and without diagnosed diabetes in the family.ConclusionsThe presented results indicate that there is an prevailing lack of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes in the Polish society. It is associated with several variables like: sex, level of education, age, marital status, subjective health assessment and diabetes diagnosed in the respondent and/or in the respondent’s family.
3
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Vitamin D – dietary intake, supplementation and metabolic status of Polish adults

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Kamińska S., Pikala M., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Bielecki W., Rębowska E., Kozakiewicz K., Nadrowski P., Drygas W., Kwaśniewska M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 1
107-118
EN
ObjectivesContrary to popular opinion on the preventive properties of vitamin D, results of previous studies have been inconclusive. The aim of this research was to evaluate the associations between the intake of vitamin D and metabolic abnormalities in a representative sample of Polish adults.Material and MethodsWithin the framework of the Multi-Center National Population Health Examination Survey (referred to as WOBASZ), a random sample of 2381 adult residents of Poland (53.8% of whom were women) was examined. All the study subjects were extensively reviewed, including 24-h dietary recall. The intake of vitamin D was assessed on the basis of dietary and supplements reviews. Metabolic abnormalities were evaluated using measurements of waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), serum triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting glycemia. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation.ResultsOf all the study participants, about 4.4 % of women and 2.6% of men declared a regular supplementation of vitamin D. Among women, a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D supplementation and the mean systolic BP was found (p < 0.01). A more substantial relationship was noted after dividing the study subjects according to their body mass. Among obese men, there was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D intake and the mean systolic BP (p < 0.01) and diastolic BP (p < 0.05), as well as a positive correlation with HDL-C (p < 0.05). Among obese women, a negative correlation was found between vitamin D supplementation and the mean systolic BP (p < 0.01) and diastolic BP (p < 0.05), and a positive correlation with TG (p < 0.05). Among non-obese male subjects, a negative correlation between vitamin D intake and WC was observed.ConclusionsThe obtained findings suggest that the correlation between vitamin D intake and metabolic abnormalities may depend on the obesity status. A higher vitamin D intake may reduce BP and increase HDL-C in obese subjects. The positive relationship between vitamin D intake and TG concentration in women needs further investigation.
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