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EN
During World War II, Americans dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Due to this atrocity, around 140,000 human beings lost their lives. Almost 20% of them were Koreans. It resulted in the sudden capitulation of Japan and caused the so called higaisha ishiki (awareness of being a victim) among Japanese society. Unfortunately, the question of Korean atomic blast victims has been forgotten and the Monument raised in Memory of the Korean Victims of the Atomic Bomb was placed in the peripheries of the Park. The aim of this paper is to analyze Hiroshima Memorial Park monuments, as locations that serve as political tools, with special emphasis on the issue of the Monument in Memory of Korean Victims of the A-bomb, which characterizes Japanese politics of remembrance towards Korea.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zilustrowanie zmian, jakie miały miejsce w Japonii po II wojnie światowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przełomu wieków i obecnej sytuacji. Z tego względu tekst ten można traktować jako wkład w dalszą, pogłębioną analizę badań ogniskujących się wokół aktualnej pozycji kobiet w Japonii. Jako punkt odniesienia prowadzonej analizy przyjęto zagadnienia demograficzne i kwestię różnorodności płci oraz nierówności zawodowe.
PL
W artykule podjęty został problem grup nacisku i organizacji społecznych związanych z japońskim rządem, które wywierają realny wpływ na współczesną politykę pamięci. Analizie poddano takie grupy, jak Stowarzyszenia Świątyń Sintoistycznych (Jinja Honchō) oraz Japońskie Stowarzyszenie Rodzin, które Straciły Bliskich w Czasie Wojny Nihon Izokukai. W celu weryfi kacji hipotezy o wpływie tych organizacji na kształt polityki pamięci analizie poddane zostały ofi cjalne struktury wspomnianych grup nacisku. Ukazano przez to formalne zasady, jakimi kierują się one przy przyjmowaniu rozstrzygnięć w kontekście pomników i miejsc pamięci.
EN
In this article I focus on so called ‘pressure groups’ and social organizations related to the Japanese government, which have a real impact on modern memory politics. I analyzed two organizations, such as The Association of Shinto Shrines (Jinja Honchō), and The Japan War-Bereaved Families Association Nihon Izokukai. To verify the hypothesis about the impact of these organizations onto the shape of contemporary politics of remembrance, the offi cial structures of these pressure groups were analyzed to show the formal principles they pursue when taking decisions on diff erent memorials and places of remembrance.
EN
The article aims to describe the problem of the Japanese family system within the compass of almost 200 years. It compares the family sub-structure to 'components of a computer', or 'a body organ'. It also shows the development of the Japanese family system from the 19th century, when the Meiji restoration reforms started, and explains the hidden meaning of the Japanese word 'ie' - home. The authoress then describes some problems in modern Japanese families: otaku - the phenomenon of being addicted to computer games and comics, and parasaito - young people still living with their parents and spending money on their own pleasures.
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EN
The main subject of this article is the life and career of Sugihara Chiune, viewed in the context of the fate of European Jews during their stay in the Lithuanian capital, Kaunas, while they were escaping from Nazi-occupied Europe in 1939 and 1940. The authoress investigates how the Japanese consul helped them obtain visas and thus saved their lives. She also deals with his private and professional life, including the turns of his diplomatic career in pre-war Lithuania, and his views on crucial issues involving his activities connected with saving the Polish Jews - even at the risk of his own life and the life of his family. Sugihara continued to hand out transit visas even after he was forbidden to do so by his superiors from the Japanese Foreign Ministry. Thus the war influenced his later life as a diplomat, not always in a beneficial way. However, today Consul Sugihara is considered a hero and is commemorated in many ways, both in his native Japan and in Lithuania.
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