Search results

1

Projekt Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) w Polsce

100%

Kaleta D., Kozieł A.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

|

2009

|

vol. 7

|

issue 2

PL

Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Project in PolandSocial and economical consequences of using tobacco products are commonly known. This is an issue of a global scale and requires systematic monitoring. The need of in depth examination of this issue concerns also Poland. In 2008 Polish Ministry of Health joined Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). This survey is conducted under Bloomberg Global Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use. In Poland GATS is being coordinated by World Health Organization. Three institutions were selected to conduct the survey: Maria Sklodowska-Curie Oncology Center (Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie), Pentor Research International and Warsaw Medical University (Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny). GATS survey is national, representative survey of households conducted amongst adult population. Globally standardized protocol is being used to implement the survey in Poland. The protocol has been adapted to the Polish needs and reality.The main aim of the project is to assess the usage of tobacco products and examination of the size of the problem, exposure to the tobacco smoke and perception, attitudes and knowledge regarding tobacco products use as well issues concerning taxes on tobacco products. Information gained during GATS will support tobacco control policy. Experience gained during the survey implementation will, in the future, allow building systematic monitoring system of tobacco use and other health behaviors in our country.

2

Palenie papierosów w populacji osób czynnych zawodowo

81%

Kaleta D., Korytkowski P., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2013

|

vol. 64

|

issue 3

359-371

EN

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the major risk factors for chronic diseases and results in huge economic and social costs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of smoking. Moreover, we evaluated the association between selected socio-economic factors and tobacco smoking among economically active individuals. Material and Methods: The study population covered 2254 economically active men and 1666 women. Data were derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Results: About 37.3% of men and 28.2% of women smoke regularly. Daily smoking was significantly associated with low level of education in men (primary vs. high education OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.9-5.3; p < 0.001; vocational vs. high education: OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5-3.0; p < 0.001) and women (primary vs. high education OR = 2.8, CI: 1.4-5.5; p < 0.01; vocational vs. high education: OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9; p < 0.01). Daily smoking was significantly associated with age of women (40-49 years vs. 20-29 years OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.1-2.44; p < 0.01), lack of awareness of health effects of smoking in both genders (men unaware vs. aware: OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.8-4.6; p < 0.01 and women unaware vs. aware: OR = 2,9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.7; p < 0.01). Smoking was associated with lack of complete smoking bans at workplaces of respondents. Conclusions: Comprehensive interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking among economically active individuals. Med Pr 2013;64(3):359–371

PL

Wstęp: Palenie tytoniu przyczynia się do powstawania znaczących szkód zdrowotnych oraz generuje istotne koszty społeczne i ekonomiczne. Niniejsza praca przedstawia rozpowszechnienie palenia papierosów oraz analizę zależności między wybranymi czynnikami społeczno-ekonomicznymi a codziennym paleniem tytoniu wśród osób aktywnych zawodowo. Materiał i metody: W niniejszej pracy wykorzystano dane dotyczące 2254 mężczyzn i 1666 kobiet czynnych zawodowo pochodzące z Globalnego Badania Używania Tytoniu (Global Adult Tobacco Survey - GATS). Wyniki: Wśród mężczyzn 37,3%, a wśród kobiet 28,2% badanych paliło regularnie papierosy. Regularne palenie tytoniu było związane z poziomem wykształcenia (u mężczyzn - podstawowe vs wyższe: OR = 3,2; 95% CI: 1,9-5,3; p < 0,001; zasadnicze vs wyższe: OR = 2,1; 95% CI: 1,5-3,0; p < 0,001; u kobiet - podstawowe vs wyższe: OR = 2,8; 95% CI: 1,4-5,5; p < 0,01; zasadnicze vs wyższe: OR = 1,9; 95% CI: 1,2-2,9; p < 0,01). Wiązało się także z wiekiem kobiet (40-49 lat vs 20-29 lat, OR = 1,64; 95% CI: 1,1-2,44; p < 0,01) i brakiem świadomości szkodliwości palenia (mężczyźni nieświadomi vs świadomi: OR = 2,9; 95% CI: 1,8-4,6; p < 0,01; kobiety nieświadome vs świadome: OR = 2,9; 95% CI: 1,5-5,7; p < 0,01). U ankietowanych, którzy deklarowali brak całkowitego zakazu palenia w miejscu pracy, ryzyko regularnego palenia papierosów było wielokrotnie wyższe w porównaniu z osobami deklarującymi obowiązywanie całkowitego zakazu palenia w tych miejscach. Wnioski: Konieczne są kompleksowe działania ograniczające rozpowszechnienie palenia wśród osób czynnych zawodowo. Med. Pr. 2013;64(3):359–371

3

Determinants of heavy smoking: Results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009–2010)

81%

Kaleta D., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Fronczak A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2012

|

vol. 25

|

issue 1

66-79

EN

Objective: The aim of current analysis was to identify socio-demographic correlates of heavy smoking. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), a nationally representative household study was implemented in Poland between 2009 and 2010. We used data on representative sample of 1915 adults, age 25 years and older. The Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for heavy smoking to the broad number of variables including age, age at smoking onset, education, occupational classification, living conditions, place of residence, place of residence at age about 14 years, awareness of smoking health consequences were tested in logistic regression model. Results: Among daily smokers the rate of heavy smokers was 63% in males and 45% in females (p < 0.001). The present study indicated that three characteristics: age, early age at smoking onset and lack of awareness of smoking health consequences were significantly associated with heavy smoking among both genders. Significantly higher risk of heavy smoking was observed among the 50–59 years of age population compared to the youngest group. The heavy smoking rate was highest among males who started smoking under age 14 years (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4–6.7; p < 0.001) and females that started smoking at age 14–17 years (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5–3.5; p < 0.0001) compared to those who started smoking at age 21 years or older. Heavy smoking was significantly correlated to lack of awareness of adverse health consequences of smoking (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.03; p < 0.01 and OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.2; p < 0.01 for men and women, respectively) compared to aware respondents. Conclusions: These outcomes should be taken into account while developing tobacco control measures. Among other things, educational interventions to increase knowledge of adverse tobacco health effects should be widely implemented.

4

Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010)

81%

Kaleta D., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Fronczak A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2012

|

vol. 25

|

issue 2

126-136

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking among adults in Poland. Materials and Methods: A nationally representative household study was implemented between 2009 and 2010 to explore smoking pattern among the population aged 15 years and older. The smoking status and socio-demographic data were determined based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Out of the 14 000 households selected for the survey, 7840 sampled persons completed the interviews, including 2162 respondents who declared daily smoking of cigarettes. Logistic regression models were applied to assess factors related to daily cigarette smoking. Results: Over 33% of men and 21% of women (p < 0.01) reported tobacco smoking on a daily basis. The significantly higher risk of smoking on a daily basis was observed among the male and female 20–59 years of age compared to the 60 or older population (p < 0.05). For men and women with the lower educational (primary/vocational/secondary) level, the risk of smoking was significantly higher than for the subjects with university degree (p < 0.05). The unemployed men smoked daily significantly more frequently than the employed ones (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4–2.4). This association was not observed among women (p > 0.05). The residents of urban areas smoked significantly more frequently than people living in rural settings (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Actions to tackle socio-economic inequalities in smoking need to be intensified. The antismoking efforts should be focused on the population of Poles at large and people with lower educational levels, unemployed men, and residents of large urban settings in particular. The tobacco control interventions should also address the population of women at reproductive age.

5

Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers

81%

Milcarz M., Kaleta D., Bąk-Romaniszyn L., Polańska K.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 4

527-536

EN

Objectives The aim of the current study was to assess the perceived treatment effectiveness and beliefs with respect to the best advisor who could conduct smoking cessation treatment or counseling among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers. This could be crucial for implementation of a successful smoking cessation intervention among this vulnerable population. Material and Methods The current assessments were based on the data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study performed in the Piotrkowski District among 1668 adults aged 18–59, entitled to social aid from welfare institutions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the relevant data. Results The current daily smoking status was declared by 31% of the participants. About 23% of the study sample (74% of daily smokers) admitted to being heavy smokers with a meaningful difference between men and women (p < 0.05). About 29% of the daily smokers indicated that medications/pharmacotherapy could be a good method for giving up the habit. Fifteen percent of the participants shared the opinion that a smoking cessation specialist is the best advisor for counseling, and only about 7% would choose a general practitioner or pharmacist, and even fewer a nurse, as a person who could provide help to smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated perceptions between the light and heavy smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusions A high share of heavy smokers among socially disadvantaged people, and their perception that medications/pharmacotherapy would be a good solution to quit smoking, underline the need for stronger support for this method, including relevant financing resources and training. However, this method should be applied along with behavioral counseling. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):527–36

6

Thirty years of evolution of oral health behaviors in the working-age Poles

71%

Gaszyńska E., Wierzbicka M., Kaleta D., Garus-Pakowska A., Szatko F.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2014

|

vol. 27

|

issue 5

774-784

EN

Introduction: In an average Polish person aged 35–44, more than 16 teeth have or had been affected by dental caries. Of that number, almost half of the teeth have already been extracted. Oral health behaviours contribute to this civilization disease in 50%. Such poor oral health status limits the ability of the affected people to take many social and professional roles. Objectives: To evaluate current oral health behaviours and their trends among 35–44 year old Polish people during the period of recent 30 years. Material and Methods: The data were obtained from the International Collaborative Studies conducted in 1978 and 1988 at the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland, under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as from 3 stages of the study on Nationwide Monitoring of Oral Health Status and Its Conditioning performed in 1998, 2002 and 2010. The researchers evaluated oral health behaviours and oral health condition of 5425 subjects. Results: Despite a noticeable improvement, poor oral health behaviours are observed in 30%–40% of the adults. In the analysed period, the number of people brushing their teeth at least twice a day increased by more than 10% and the number of people using dental floss increased by 38%. Only 60% of the adults visited a dentist at least once a year. Reduced accessibility of state-run, free-of-charge dental care has caused that over 58% of Poles paid for their dental services. Every 3rd person of working age has not visited a dentist for longer than 2.5 half years, primarily due to behavioural and financial reasons. Oral health behaviours of Polish people are among the poorest in Europe. Conclusions: Despite a noticeable improvement of the behaviours, gap between the Poles and citizens of other highly developed countries is around 20 years. A health promotion programme including oral health issues, if implemented in workplaces, might considerably reduce this gap.

7

Implementation of smoke-free homes in Poland

61%

Kaleta D., Fronczak A., Usidame B., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Wojtysiak P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 29

|

issue 1

137-148

EN

Objectives Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constitutes a threat to the health of many people. In order to diminish ETS exposure, countries (including Poland) implemented legal restrictions of smoking in public places and worksites. Currently more attention is also paid to reduce overall and residential ETS exposure by voluntary smoke-free home policy adoption. The aim of current analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of implementing smoking bans at place of residence among economically active males and females in Poland. Material and Methods Data from cross-sectional, household study – Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009–2010) were analyzed. The logistic regression model was applied for appropriate calculations. Results Out of 3696 studied subjects only 37.1% adopted total smoking ban within the home. Decreased likelihood of adopting total smoking bans was associated with current smoker status, low education attainment, lack of awareness on adverse health consequences of ETS, low level of support for tobacco control policies, and cohabitation with a smoker in both genders. Having smoke-free homes was also linked with age in women, place of residence and work smoking policy in indoor areas in men. Conclusions Targeted activities to encourage adopting voluntary smoke-free rules among groups least likely to implement 100% smoking bans in the home and activities to decrease social acceptance of smoking in the presence of nonsmokers, children, pregnant woman are urgently needed.

8

Residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and its associates: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland

61%

Kaleta D., Wojtysiak P., Usidame B., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Fronczak A., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 28

|

issue 3

557-570

EN

Objectives Expanding the information on exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home and its associates is of great public health importance. The aim of the current analysis was to evaluate associates of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among economically active male and female adults in Poland in their place of residence. Material and Methods Data on the representative sample of 7840 adults from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) carried out in Poland in the years 2009 and 2010 were applied. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey is a nationally representative household study. The logistic regression model was used for relevant calculations. Results The exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the place of living affected 59% of studied subjects. Out of non-smokers 42% of males and 46% females were exposed to the ETS in the at home. Increased risk of residential ETS exposure was associated with low education attainment, lack of awareness on adverse health consequences of second hand smoke (SHS), low level of support for tobacco control policies, living with a smoker. One of the factors associated with the ETS exposure was also the approval for smoking at home of both genders. The residential ETS exposure risk was the highest among males (odds ratio (OR) = 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.1–13.8, p < 0.001) and females (OR = 8.1, 95% CI 6.5–11.8, p < 0.001) who declared that smoking was allowed in their place of residence compared to respondents who implemented smoking bans at their place of residence. Conclusions Campaigns to decrease social acceptance of smoking and encourage adopting voluntary smoke-free rules at home might decrease the ETS exposure and reduce related risks to the health of the Polish population. Educational interventions to warn about adverse health effects of the ETS should be broadly implemented particularly in high risk subpopulations.

9

Heaviness of smoking among employed men and women in Poland

61%

Kaleta D., Wojtysiak P., Usidame B., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Fronczak A., Korytkowski P., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 29

|

issue 2

191-208

EN

Objectives At least 50% of smokers die prematurely. Those who smoke heavily are at an increased health risk. The purpose of the current report was to evaluate socio-demographic correlates of heavy smoking among employed men and women. Material and Methods Data derive from the representative, household study – the Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in Poland over the years 2008–2010. Results Of 14 000 households selected for the survey, 7840 sampled individuals completed the interviews. Among 1189 daily smokers, the rate of heavy smokers was 63.5% in males and 43% in employed females (p < 0.001). The study showed that age and age at the smoking onset were significantly associated with heavy smoking among both genders. Among males and females the heavy smoking rate was the highest in the subjects that started smoking at the age between 14–17 years compared to those who started smoking at the age ≥ 21 years (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2–5.5, p < 0.001 and OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.3, p < 0.0001, respectively). The men with house rules that prohibited smoking with some exceptions were 2.4 times more likely to be heavy smokers in comparison with those having rules which completely prohibited it (p < 0.01). The men working in workplaces where smoking was prohibited in all indoor areas were at lower odds of heavy smoking relative to those working in areas where smoking was allowed everywhere (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9, p < 0.05). Among the men, there was also an association between job features and heavy smoking, which was not observed among the women. Conclusions These findings should be taken into account while developing tobacco control measures addressed to economically active population.

10

Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland

61%

Milcarz K., Polańska K., Balwicki Ł., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Hanke W., Bąk-Romaniszyn L., Kaleta D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 3

363-377

EN

Objectives This study aimed at assessment of the perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland. It is hypothesized that different factors can be considered depending on the level of smoking addiction. Therefore, a comparison between light and heavy smokers was performed. Material and Methods Data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study carried out in the Piotrkowski District in October 2016 – February 2017 among 1668 socio-economically disadvantaged persons constituted the source of information for the present study. Barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among daily smokers were identified via face-to face interviews. Results About one-third of the studied population admitted to being current daily smokers, almost 75% of whom were heavy smokers. The most common barriers to quitting smoking were related to difficulties in quitting (62%), the lack of willingness to quit (56%), as well as addiction and withdrawal symptoms (craving cigarettes [65%], habit [56%], stress and mood swings [55%]). A significantly higher proportion of such barriers was noted among heavy smokers compared to light smokers (p < 0.05). The following motivations to quit were pointed out by the respondents: available pharmacotherapy (47%), access to a free-of-charge cessation clinic (40%), and encouragement and support provided by their doctor (30%), with no differences between various levels of smoking addiction (p > 0.05). Conclusions Developing effective interventions targeted at unique deprived populations requires understanding the barriers and motivators to quitting smoking. Social support and financial issues, including free-of-charge pharmacotherapy and cessation clinics, as well as doctor’s encouragement and support, are crucial for successful smoking cessation in this vulnerable population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):363–77

11

The effect of air pollution on the respiratory system in preschool children with contribution of urban heat islands and geographic data – the aim of the study and methodological assumptions

61%

Bobrowska-Korzeniowska M., Jerzyńska J., Polańska K., Kaleta D., Stelmach I., Kunert A., Stelmach W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2021

|

vol. 34

|

issue 4

453-460

EN

It has been proven that outdoor and indoor air pollutants can cause adverse health effects and are able to promote the onset of atopic diseases. The current manuscript is focused on methodological issues. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of air pollution, urban environment, and urban heat islands (UHIs) on the occurrence of respiratory diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma and wheezing in preschool children. The study group consists of 276 five-year-old children attending randomly selected kindergartens in the urban and rural areas of the Łódź Voivodeship. The questionnaire including data on the child’s state of health and socio-economic data will be filled by the caregivers. The children will undergo skin prick testing and the measurement of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. The key components of air pollution – particulate matter (PM) will be measured by personal meters. The PM sampling planned in the study will take 12 h for PM2.5 and for PM10 alike. Data on the level of outdoor air pollution will be collected based on the results obtained from air monitoring stations. The impact of air pollution, UHIs and the environment on the respiratory system and the presence of allergies in children, including chronic respiratory diseases, will be assessed. The project results will provide a scientific basis for the development of preventive programs in the population of children in the Łódź Voivodeship, adapted to the real health needs of society.

Refine search results

Projekt Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) w Polsce

Palenie papierosów w populacji osób czynnych zawodowo

Determinants of heavy smoking: Results from the global adult tobacco survey in Poland (2009–2010)

Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of daily cigarette smoking in Poland: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010)

Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers

Thirty years of evolution of oral health behaviors in the working-age Poles

Implementation of smoke-free homes in Poland

Residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and its associates: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland

Heaviness of smoking among employed men and women in Poland

Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland

The effect of air pollution on the respiratory system in preschool children with contribution of urban heat islands and geographic data – the aim of the study and methodological assumptions