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EN
This paper examines the structure and translation of industry and military abbreviations compiled by Józef Krasny in the Moscow Russian-Polish dictionary. The first section refers to abbreviations as language units and focusing on the interwar period, provides a brief historical context of abbreviations in the Russian language. It further describes terminological and classification problems and refers to selected aspects of translation.The paper aims first and foremost to analyse the structure of the extracted initialisms, syllabic and complex abbreviations and clipped forms. In addition, it deals with models of their translation and lexicographic representation. Ultimately, it evaluates if the choice of Polish equivalents for Russian abbreviations in the dictionary in question is adequate and consistent.
PL
Spółdzielczość socjalna jest jednym z narzędzi polityki społecznej, które ma za zadanie przeciwdziałać wykluczeniu społecznemu. W zależności od oddalenia od rynku pracy realizowane jest to na dwa sposoby, tj. ścieżkę założycielską lub pracowniczą. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie charakterystyki występujących w przestrzeni społeczno-gospodarczej dwóch typów spółdzielców socjalnych, czyli właśnie założycieli i pracowników najemnych. Zwrócona też będzie szczególna uwaga na różnice w sposobie realizacji przez spółdzielnie socjalne reintegracji zawodowej dla obu typów spółdzielców wraz z analizą szans na powodzenie tego procesu. Rozważania w artykule przeprowadzone zostały w oparciu o wyniki ankietowych badań własnych autora nad spółdzielczością socjalną w województwie łódzkim. Przeprowadzone badania wskazały, że założyciele to zazwyczaj osoby młode, dobrze wykształcone, przedsiębiorcze oraz pełne zapału do pracy. Spółdzielnia socjalna to dla nich szansa na spełnienie marzeń i spróbowanie sił w działalności gospodarczej. Pracownicy natomiast to w większości osoby słabo wykształcone, o niewielkich możliwościach odnalezienia się na otwartym rynku pracy. Dzięki spółdzielni pracują, co powoduje poprawę ich sytuacji materialnej, a przy okazji nabywają cenne kompetencje, które w razie konieczności zmiany pracy mogą wykorzystać u nowego pracodawcy.
EN
Social co-operatives are one of the social policy’s tools that aims to counteract social exclusion. Depending on the distance from the open labor market it might be implemented in two ways, i.e. the path of founders or employees. The aim of the paper is to present the characteristics of two types of social cooperative stakeholders, i.e. founders and employees. Special attention will also be paid to the differences in the way social co-operatives implement occupational reintegration for both types of stakeholders together with an analysis of the chances of success of this process. The discussion in this paper was based on the results of the survey of the author’s own research on social co-operatives in the Lodz province. The research indicated that the founders are usually young, well-educated, entrepreneurial and energetic. Social co-operatives gave them a chance to fulfill their dreams and try their hand at business. Employees, on the other hand, are mostly poorly educated and have little chance of finding themselves in the open labor market. Thanks to the cooperatives they improve their financial situation and acquire valuable competences.
EN
This his article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of German abbreviations used in the field of artillery and rocket industry and their Russian equivalents registered in a specialized translation dictionary published in 1982. The analytical part of the paper is preceded by a theoretical background, in which selected problems and inconsistencies within the definition of acronyms and abbreviations are touched upon. Then, lexicographical problems of the lexical units in question are pointed out. The article concludes with possible translation solutions of the analyzed abbreviations and acronyms.
EN
This article concerns a specific language-code that was used by the Poles living in the territory of the Soviet Union in the interwar period. The introductory section outlines the history of the Polish minority in the USSR, discusses the major premises of the ethnic policy of the Soviet authorities employed with respect to ethnic minorities and presents the features of the Soviet Polish language. The empirical section is focused on the analysis of the entries from the Russian-Polish dictionary of Józef Krasny. It is established that the equivalents of the Russian units placed in this dictionary are classified to the Soviet Polish language. This aspect is seen on the lexical, inflective and syntactic grounds.
EN
This paper examines the Polish translation of the Official Guidelines for Basketball Referees approved by the International Basketball Association (FIBA). It addresses the notion of specialist languages and indicates that the official guidelines for basketball referees possess some characteristics of a specialized text. Referring to translation competence, the article suggests that a non-professional translation of the guidelines can lead to their misinterpretation and, as a result, can influence the course of a game. The article concludes with implications for further theoretical and empirical research on the translation in question.
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