Search results

1

Smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy as the risk factors for poor child neurodevelopment – A review of epidemiological studies

100%

Polańska K., Jurewicz J., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 3

419-443

EN

Maternal active and passive smoking and low or moderate alcohol drinking during pregnancy, taking into account the level of exposure and developmental or behavioral outcomes, are recognized as a significant issue from both a clinical and a public health perspective. The article aims at evaluating the impact of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke constituents and low or moderate alcohol drinking during pregnancy on children neurodevelopment by reviewing the most recently published literature. Relevant studies were identified by searching the Pubmed, Medline and Ebsco literature databases. This review is restricted to 29 human studies published in English in peer reviewed journals since 2006. The studies published recently continued to show some relationship between tobacco smoke exposure, from active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy, and children’s psychomotor development independent of other variables, but this relationship is not straightforward. The association is mostly consistent for measures of academic achievements and behavioral problems which require further attention. The results of the studies on low or moderate exposure to alcohol are not fully conclusive, but some of them suggest that consumption of alcohol during pregnancy may adversely affect children’s intelligence quotient (IQ), mental health, memory and verbal or visual performance. As the reviewed studies indicate, maternal lifestyle during pregnancy like alcohol drinking or smoking may affect children neurodevelopment. All effort should be taken to eliminate such exposure to ensure appropriate children’s development.

2

Effect of environmental phthalate exposure on pregnancy duration and birth outcomes

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Polańska K., Ligocka D., Sobala W., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 4

683-697

EN

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of phthalate exposure on pregnancy duration and birth outcomes based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). Material and Methods Phthalate exposure was determined by measuring 11 phthalate metabolites (mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), 3OH-mono-n-butyl phthalate (OH-MnBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono‑ (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-hydroxy-iso-nonyl phthalate (MHiNP), mono-oxo-iso-nonyl phthalate (MOiNP), and mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)) in the urine collected from 165 mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The following measures at birth were considered: gestational age, birth weight, length as well as head and chest circumference. Results Pregnancy duration was inversely associated with natural log concentrations (μg/g creatinine) of MEP (standardized regression coefficient (β) = –0.2, p = 0.04) after adjustment for a variety of confounders. Significant impact of MOiNP on head circumference (β = –0.1, p = 0.05) was also observed. Conclusions The study findings add further support to the hypothesis that phthalate exposure may be associated with shorter pregnancy duration and a decreased head circumference, and underscore importance of public health interventions to reduce that exposure.

3

Towards estimating the burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Polish children

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Jarosińska D., Polańska K., Wojtyniak B., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 1

38-49

EN

Objectives: To estimate the burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in Polish children in terms of the number of deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to lower respiratory infections (LRI), otitis media (OM), asthma, low birth weight (LBW) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Materials and Methods: Estimates of SHS exposure in children and in pregnant women as well as information concerning maternal smoking were derived from a national survey, the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland. Mortality data (LRI, OM, asthma, and SIDS), the number of cases (LBW), and population data were obtained from national statistics (year 2010), and DALYs came from the WHO (year 2004). The burden of disease due to SHS was calculated by multiplying the total burden of a specific health outcome (deaths or DALYs) by a population attributable fraction. Results: Using two estimates of SHS exposure in children: 48% and 60%, at least 12 and 14 deaths from LRI in children aged up to 2 years were attributed to SHS, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. The highest burden of DALYs was for asthma in children aged up to 15 years: 2412, and 2970 DALYs, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. For LRI, 419 and 500 DALYs, and for OM, 61 and 77 DALYs were attributed to SHS, for the two exposure scenarios, respectively. Between 13% and 27% of SIDS cases and between 3% and 16% of the cases of LBW at term were attributed to SHS exposure. Conclusions: This study provides a conservative estimate of the public health impact of SHS exposure on Polish children. Lack of comprehensive, up to date health data concerning children, as well as lack of measures that would best reflect actual SHS exposure are major limitations of the study, likely to underestimate the burden of disease.

4

Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

100%

Polańska K., Jurewicz J., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2013

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vol. 26

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issue 1

16-38

EN

The aim of this review was to investigate the association between attention defi cit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or ADHD- related symptoms and industrial chemicals, such as organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, mercury and manganese. Medline, PubMed and EBSCO searches were performed to identify the studies that analyzed the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to such toxicants and ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 2000. Most of the presented studies focused on pesticides, PCB and lead. The impact of mercury and manganese was investigated less frequently. The fi ndings indicate that children’s exposure to organophosphate pesticides may cause symptoms consistent with pervasive developmental disorder, ADHD or attention problems. Exposures to organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were associated with ADHD-like behaviors such as alertness, quality of alert response, and cost of attention. The studies provided evidence that blood lead level below 10 μg/dl was associated with ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. Information on the association between exposure to mercury and neurotoxicity is limited, and requires further confi rmation in future research. Two studies indicated that exposure to manganese is related to ADHD; such exposure and its impact on children neurodevelopment need to be further investigated. Future studies should use a prospective design with multiple biological samples collected over time for better assessment of exposure and its critical windows. Additionally, inclusion of potential confounding factors and co-exposures is crucial.

5

Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers

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Milcarz M., Kaleta D., Bąk-Romaniszyn L., Polańska K.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 4

527-536

EN

Objectives The aim of the current study was to assess the perceived treatment effectiveness and beliefs with respect to the best advisor who could conduct smoking cessation treatment or counseling among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers. This could be crucial for implementation of a successful smoking cessation intervention among this vulnerable population. Material and Methods The current assessments were based on the data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study performed in the Piotrkowski District among 1668 adults aged 18–59, entitled to social aid from welfare institutions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect the relevant data. Results The current daily smoking status was declared by 31% of the participants. About 23% of the study sample (74% of daily smokers) admitted to being heavy smokers with a meaningful difference between men and women (p < 0.05). About 29% of the daily smokers indicated that medications/pharmacotherapy could be a good method for giving up the habit. Fifteen percent of the participants shared the opinion that a smoking cessation specialist is the best advisor for counseling, and only about 7% would choose a general practitioner or pharmacist, and even fewer a nurse, as a person who could provide help to smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the evaluated perceptions between the light and heavy smokers (p > 0.05). Conclusions A high share of heavy smokers among socially disadvantaged people, and their perception that medications/pharmacotherapy would be a good solution to quit smoking, underline the need for stronger support for this method, including relevant financing resources and training. However, this method should be applied along with behavioral counseling. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):527–36

6

Exposure to environmental and lifestyle factors and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children - A review of epidemiological studies

100%

Polańska K., Jurewicz J., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2012

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vol. 25

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issue 4

330-355

EN

Attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Although the mechanisms that lead to the development of ADHD remain unclear, genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. These include heavy metals and chemical exposures, nutritional and lifestyle/psychosocial factors. The aim of this review was to investigate the association between ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms and widespread environmental factors such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), tobacco smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polyfl uoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) and alcohol. Medline, PubMed and Ebsco search was performed to identify the studies which analyze the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle factors and ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published since 2000 in English in peer reviewed journals. Despite much research has been done on the association between environmental risk factors and ADHD or ADHD symptoms, results are not consistent. Most studies in this fi eld, focused on exposure to tobacco smoke, found an association between that exposure and ADHD and ADHD symptoms. On the other hand, the impact of phthalates, BPA, PFCs, PAHs and alcohol is less frequently investigated and does not allow a fi rm conclusion regarding the association with the outcomes of interest.

7

Exposure to widespread environmental toxicants and children’s cognitive development and behavioral problems

100%

Jurewicz J., Polańska K., Hanke W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 2

185-204

EN

Nowadays a special attention is focused on prenatal and childhood exposures to a variety of contaminants in the environment, especially toxicants widely present in the environment and their impact on children's health and neurodevelopment. This article aims at evaluating the impact of exposure to several widespread toxicants including: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants and gas cooking on children's cognitive development and behavioral problems by reviewing most recent published literature. Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to widespread toxicants and children's development for the last eleven years were identified by a search of the PubMed, Medline, Ebsco and Toxnet literature bases. The combination of following key words was used: 1) referring to the exposure: pregnancy, prenatal exposure, postnatal exposure, gas cooking, exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, PAHs and 2) referring to outcome: neurodevelopment, neurobehavior, psychomotor development, behavioral problems, cognitive development, mental health, school achievements, learning abilities. The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that the developing nervous system is particularly vulnerable to insult from low levels of exposure to widespread environmental contaminants such as: phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gas cooking. Considering the suggested health effects, more epidemiologic data is urgently needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented.

8

Predictors of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among pregnant women - Prospective cohort study in Poland

88%

Polańska K., Hanke W., Sobala W., Brzeźnicki S., Ligocka D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

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issue 1

8-17

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was to characterize the PAH exposure level based on 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) in urine of Polish pregnant women and to assess the relationship between PAH and factors such as smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, place of residence, heating and cooking method. Materials and Methods: The study population included in this analysis consisted of 449 pregnant women who had been the subjects of the prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort study performed in 8 regions of Poland. The women were interviewed three times during pregnancy (once in each trimester). 1–HP concentration in urine was chosen as the biomarker of exposure to PAH. The urine sample was analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The active and passive smoking exposure was verified by saliva cotinine, analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) and isotope dilution method. Results: 1-HP concentration in urine ranged from 0.02 to 10.2 μg/g creatinine with the geometric mean (GM) 0.4 μg/g creatinine. The significantly higher concentration of urinary 1-HP in pregnant women was observed for summer collection (GM ratio: 1.1; p = 0.01), among smokers (GM ratio: 1.7; p < 0.001) and for the women living in big cities (GM ratio: 1.3; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The significantly higher concentration of urinary 1-HP in pregnant women was observed for summer collection, among smokers and those living in big cities.

9

Wpływ pracy/nauki zdalnej na występowanie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych w grupie pracowników i studentów uczelni wyższych

88%

Janc M., Jóźwiak Z., Jankowski W., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Polańska K.

Medycyna Pracy

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2023

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vol. 74

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issue 1

63-78

EN

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a fundamental change in the lifestyle and the ways of learning and working patterns which in turn might lead to health consequences including musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions of e-learning and remote working and the impact of the learning/working modality on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among university students and workers in Poland. Material and Methods This study covered 914 students and 451 employees who filled in an anonymous online questionnaire. The questions covered 2 periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the period from October 2020 to June 2021 and were aimed at obtaining information about lifestyle (including physical activity, perceived stress and sleep pattern), ergonomic of computer workstations, the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and headaches. Results During the outbreak, the severity of musculoskeletal complaints increased significantly in the teaching staff group (3.2±2.5 vs. 4.1±3.0 VAS pts), in the administrative staff group (3.1±2.5 vs. 4.0±3.1 VAS pts), and in the student group (2.8±2.4 vs. 3.5±2.8 VAS pts). The average level of burden and risk of musculoskeletal complaints was revealed by the assessment using the ROSA method, in all 3 study groups. Conclusions In light of current results, it is very important to educate people on the rational use of new technology devices, including the appropriate design of computer workstations, planning breaks and time for recovery and physical activity. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):63–78

PL

Wstęp Epidemia COVID-19 przyczyniła się do zasadniczej zmiany stylu życia oraz sposobu nauki i pracy, co potencjalnie może prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, zwłaszcza w kontekście dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych. Celem badania była ocena wpływu nauki i pracy zdalnej na niektóre aspekty stylu życia i sposób wykonywania nauki/pracy oraz występowanie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych u studentów i pracowników uczelni wyższych w Łodzi. Materiał i metody Badaniem objętych zostało 914 studentów i 451 pracowników, którzy wypełnili anonimowy kwestionariusz online. Pytania dotyczyły 2 okresów: przed epidemią COVID-19 oraz w jej trakcie od października 2020 r. do czerwca 2021 r. i miały na celu uzyskanie informacji o stylu życia (w tym aktywności fizycznej, snu i odczuwanego stresu), ergonomii stanowisk pracy przy komputerze, występowania i nasilenia objawów mięśniowo-szkieletowych oraz bólu głowy. Wyniki W czasie epidemii istotnie wzrosło nasilenie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych w grupie pracowników dydaktycznych (3,2±2,5 vs 4,1±3,0 pkt VAS), w grupie pracowników administracyjnych (3,1±2,5 vs 4,0±3,1 pkt VAS) oraz w grupie studentów (2,8±2,4 vs 3,5±2,8 pkt VAS). Na podstawie oceny stanowisk pracy metodą ROSA stwierdzono, że poziom obciążenia i ryzyka wystąpienia dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych był średni we wszystkich 3 grupach badanych. Wnioski W świetle uzyskanych wyników bardzo ważna jest edukacja w zakresie racjonalnego korzystania z urządzeń nowych technologii, w tym odpowiedniego zaprojektowania komputerowych stanowisk pracy/nauki, planowania przerw i czasu przeznaczonego na regenerację oraz aktywność fizyczną. Med. Pr. 2023;74(1):63–78

10

Aktywność zawodowa w czasie ciąży na podstawie badania "Polska Kohorta Matka–Dziecko"

88%

Polańska K., Jurewicz J., Marcinkiewicz A., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Hanke W.

Medycyna Pracy

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2014

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vol. 65

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issue 1

65-72

EN

Background: In Poland conditions related to or aggravated by the pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium are one of the most common causes of sickness absence. The aim of the study was to analyze the occupational activity pattern during pregnancy and to evaluate the determinants of pregnancy-related temporary work disability confirmed by medical certificate. Materials and Methods: The presented analysis is based on data collected under the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. The study population consisted of 954 women who reported occupational activity during pregnancy. All women participating in the study were interviewed 3 times during pregnancy. Detail information on occupational activity during pregnancy and occupational stress, based on the Subjective Work Characteristics Questionnaire, was collected from all women. Results: The pregnant women had been issued medical certificate of temporary work disability because of conditions related to or aggravated by the pregnancy, childbirth or by the puerperium at 16 week of gestation on average and did not continue their activities until the end of pregnancy. The statistically significant determinants of receiving such medical certificate in the first trimester of pregnancy (≤ 12 weeks of pregnancy) comprised poor health condition and complications during pregnancy (OR = 1.4; p = 0.01), lower education (OR = 2.4; p < 0.001), socio-economic status (OR = 9.6; p = 0.03), use of public transport to commute to work (OR = 2.7; p < 0.001), a longer work commute (OR = 1.4; p = 0.008) and a higher level of occupational stress (OR = 3.0; p < 0.01). Waitresses, nurses and saleswomen received medical certificate of temporary work disability in the first trimester of pregnancy more frequently than office workers (OR = 4.2; p = 0.005; OR = 3.3; p = 0.02; OR = 2.3; p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions: It is crucial to develop the model of cooperation between occupational medicine physicians and gynecologists and a greater involvement of the former in the prophylactic care of occupationally active pregnant women. It is also important to increase the employers' awareness of potential risks and arduousness at work to assure working conditions safe for the pregnancy outcome and health of both women and their babies. Med Pr 2014;65(1):65–72

PL

Wstęp: W Polsce powikłania ciąży, porodu i połogu stanowią jedną z najczęstszych przyczyn absencji chorobowej. Celem badania była ocena przebiegu pracy zawodowej kobiet ciężarnych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem czynników determinujących czasową niezdolność do pracy w czasie ciąży potwierdzoną orzeczeniem lekarskim. Materiał i metody: Podstawę analiz dotyczących aktywności zawodowej w ciąży stanowiło badanie „Polska Kohorta Matka–Dziecko". Analizą objęto dane 954 pracujących kobiet ciężarnych. Z kobietami włączonymi do badania przeprowadzony został wywiad kwestionariuszowy (3-krotnie w czasie trwania ciąży) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przebiegu pracy zawodowej oraz oceny poziomu stresu zawodowego na podstawie Kwestionariusza do Subiektywnej Oceny Pracy. Wyniki: Kobiety ciężarne zaprzestawały pracy zawodowej na skutek orzeczenia lekarskiego o czasowej niezdolności do pracy średnio w 16 tygodniu ciąży i nie kontynuowały tej aktywności do końca trwania ciąży. W badanej grupie kobiet zaprzestających zatrudnienia (≤ 12 tygodnia ciąży) na podstawie orzeczenia o czasowej niezdolności do pracy stwierdzono niższy poziom wykształcenia (OR = 2,4; p < 0,001) i gorszy status ekonomiczny (OR = 9,6; p = 0,03). Kobiety te częściej dojeżdżały do pracy komunikacją miejską (OR = 2,7; p < 0,001), dłuższy czas poświęcały na dojazd do pracy (OR = 1,4; p = 0,008) oraz deklarowały wysoki poziom stresu zawodowego (OR = 3,0; p < 0,01). Istotnie częściej orzeczenie lekarskie o czasowej niezdolności do pracy w pierwszym trymestrze ciąży otrzymywały kelnerki (OR = 4,2; p = 0,005), pielęgniarki (OR = 3,3; p = 0,02) oraz osoby pracujące w handlu (OR = 2,3; p < 0,001) w porównaniu z kobietami wykonującymi prace biurowe. Wnioski: Przedstawione dane wskazują na konieczność wypracowania modelu współpracy pomiędzy lekarzem medycyny pracy i ginekologiem oraz większego zaangażowania tego pierwszego w opiekę profilaktyczną nad pracującą kobietą ciężarną. Istotne znaczenie ma również zwiększenie świadomości pracodawców odnośnie do potencjalnych zagrożeń i uciążliwości w miejscu pracy w celu stworzenia warunków pracy bezpiecznych dla przebiegu i wyniku ciąży oraz stanu zdrowia kobiety ciężarnej. Med. Pr. 2014;65(1):65–72

11

Ergonomia i organizacja pracy zdalnej – aspekt zdrowotny i zalecenia dotyczące organizacji biura domowego

88%

Janc M., Lipiec E., Jóźwiak Z., Polańska K., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T.

Medycyna Pracy

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2024

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vol. 75

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issue 1

69-80

EN

Analyses of the economic activity of the Polish population indicate that in 2023, about 7% of all employees performed, usually or sometimes, their work in the form of remote work. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the impact of working with screen-monitor devices on computer vision syndromes, musculoskeletal disorders, circadian rhythm, and to identify recommendations for the proper organization of the home office. A narrative review of the existing literature on the impact of work with the use of devices equipped with screen monitors on the health of employees was performed, as well as recommendations in the above-mentioned area were presented. The most important factors determining the load on the visual organs and musculoskeletal system and affecting the overall health and well-being of employees during remote work are the proper arrangement of the workstation (in accordance with ergonomic principles) and the organization of work (limiting the time spent working at the computer/laptop, systematic active breaks) and healthy sleep habits. It is crucial that both employers, occupational health professionals and employees themselves are aware of the importance to their health of correct preparation of the home office, and have adequate knowledge in this regard.

PL

Analizy dotyczące aktywności ekonomicznej ludności Polski wskazują, że w 2023 r. ok. 7% wszystkich pracujących wykonywało, zwykle lub czasami, pracę w formie zdalnej. Celem publikacji jest analiza wpływu pracy z wykorzystaniem urządzeń wyposażonych w monitory ekranowe na narząd wzroku, występowanie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych, rytm okołodobowy oraz wskazanie rekomendacji dotyczących prawidłowej organizacji biura domowego. Dokonano narracyjnego przeglądu piśmiennictwa dotyczącego wpływu pracy z wykorzystaniem urządzeń wyposażonych w monitory ekranowe na zdrowie pracowników oraz przedstawiono rekomendacje w tym zakresie. Najważniejszymi czynnikami decydującymi o obciążeniu narządu wzroku i układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego oraz wpływającymi na ogólny stan zdrowia i samopoczucie pracowników podczas pracy zdalnej są: właściwa aranżacja stanowiska pracy (zgodnie z zasadami ergonomii), odpowiednia organizacja pracy (ograniczenie czasu pracy przy komputerze/laptopie, stonowanie systematycznych, aktywnych przerw w pracy) oraz higiena snu. Kluczowe znaczenie ma wiedza zarówno pracodawców, profesjonalistów zajmujących się zdrowiem pracowników, jak i samych pracowników na temat znaczenia dla zdrowia właściwego przygotowania biura domowego.

12

Polish mother and child cohort study (REPRO_PL) - Methodology of follow-up of the children

76%

Polańska K., Hanke W., Jurewicz J., Sobala W., Madsen C., Nafstad P., Magnus P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

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issue 4

391-398

EN

Background: A prospective cohort study design gives the opportunity for identifi cation, update of different exposures and their verifi cation by biomarker measurements. The aim of The Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) is to evaluate the impact of exposure to different environmental factors during pregnancy and, after birth, on the pregnancy outcome, children’s health and neurodevelopment. Materials and Methods: REPRO_PL cohort was established in 2007. From the cohort of 1300 mother-child pairs, 300 children are followed-up until they are two years old to asses the exposure, health status and neurodevelopment. Children are examined twice: at one and two years of age by a pediatrician and a psychologist/child development specialist. During each visit, detailed questionnaire is conducted with the mothers and supplemented with the information from the medical charts to have appropriate recognition of the child’s health and development. Additionally, the current health status of the child is checked and his/her biometry is performed. A urine sample is collected from each child for the verifi cation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure. Some children have a blood sample collected for the assessment of the lead and cadmium levels. Child’s neurodevelopment is assessed based on Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III). Results and Conclusions: The results of the study will become available within the next few years and will help to determine the impact of the environmental exposures on children’s health and neurodevelopment. REPRO_PL cohort is a middle-sized cohort, very much focused on specific research questions with the potential for future extension and cooperation.

13

Palenie tytoniu w miejscu pracy – prawny i zdrowotny aspekt biernego narażenia na dym tytoniowy

76%

Lipińska-Ojrzanowska A., Polańska K., Wiszniewska M., Kleniewska A., Dörre-Kolasa D., Walusiak-Skorupa J.

Medycyna Pracy

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2015

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vol. 66

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issue 6

827-836

EN

Tobacco smoke contains thousands of xenobiotics harmful to human health. Their irritant, toxic and carcinogenic potential has been well documented. Passive smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in public places, including workplace, poses major medical problems. Owing to this fact there is a strong need to raise workers’ awareness of smoking-related hazards through educational programs and to develop and implement legislation aimed at eliminating SHS exposure. This paper presents a review of reports on passive exposure to tobacco smoke and its impact on human health and also a review of binding legal regulations regarding smoking at workplace in Poland. It has been proved that exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy may lead to, e.g., preterm delivery and low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, lung function impairment, asthma and acute respiratory illnesses in the future. Exposure to tobacco smoke, only in the adult age, is also considered as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, acute and chronic respiratory diseases and cancer. Raising public awareness of tobacco smoke harmfulness should be a top priority in the field of workers’ health prevention. Occupational medicine physicians have regular contacts with occupationally active people who smoke. Thus, occupational health services have a unique opportunity to increase employees and employers’ awareness of adverse health effects of smoking and their prevention. Med Pr 2015;66(6):827–836

PL

Dym tytoniowy zawiera tysiące czynników chemicznych szkodliwych dla zdrowia człowieka. Mają one działanie drażniące, toksyczne i rakotwórcze. Bierne palenie tytoniu w miejscach publicznych i narażenie na środowiskowy dym tytoniowy także w miejscu pracy stanowią ogromny problem medyczny. Wynika z niego potrzeba uświadamiania pracowników w zakresie szkodliwości nałogu palenia tytoniu oraz stworzenia aktów prawnych mających na celu wyeliminowanie narażenia na dym tytoniowy. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki przeglądu piśmiennictwa na temat biernej ekspozycji na dym tytoniowy i jej wpływu na zdrowie człowieka oraz dokonano przeglądu obowiązujących w Polsce aktów prawnych dotyczących palenia papierosów w miejscu pracy. Dotychczas opublikowane dane wskazują, że ekspozycja na dym tytoniowy w okresie życia płodowego zwiększa ryzyko m.in. porodu przedwczesnego i małej masy urodzeniowej noworodka, nagłej śmierci niemowląt oraz w przyszłości – upośledzenia funkcji płuc, astmy i ostrych schorzeń dróg oddechowych. Narażenie na dym tytoniowy, także wyłącznie w wieku dorosłym, jest natomiast niezależnym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju schorzeń układu krążenia i układu oddechowego oraz nowotworów złośliwych. Podniesienie świadomości społecznej na temat szkodliwości ekspozycji na dym tytoniowy powinno być priorytetem w ochronie zdrowia pracujących. Lekarz sprawujący opiekę profilaktyczną nad pracownikami jest przedstawicielem służby zdrowia, który ma najczęstszy kontakt z aktywnymi zawodowo dorosłymi palaczami tytoniu. Wynika z tego niezwykle istotna rola służby medycyny pracy w zwiększaniu świadomości pracowników i pracodawców w zakresie profilaktyki negatywnych skutków zdrowotnych nałogu palenia tytoniu. Med. Pr. 2015;66(6):827–836

14

Relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposure to BPA and its analogues (BPS, BPF) and allergic diseases

76%

Weteska M., Zwolińska A., Pisarska-Troczyńska K., Janc M., Polańska K., Jerzyńska J., Jankowska A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2023

|

vol. 36

|

issue 5

575-586

EN

Bisphenols, endocrine disrupting chemicals, are widely used in daily life. Continued exposure during key developmental periods of life (pregnancy, infancy and early childhood) can contribute to adverse health consequences such as decreased lung function, wheezing/asthma, the occurrence of allergies or changes in immune system responses. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the effects of prenatal or postnatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) on the development of allergic diseases in childhood. A comprehensive and systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted. The review is restricted to studies published since 2015, in English in peer-reviewed journals. Based on keywords, 2648 studies were identified and reviewed for eligibility. Finally, 8 epidemiological studies were found to be appropriate for inclusion in this publication. The data collected in this review suggests that there is an association between maternal exposure during pregnancy or childhood to BPA and the development of allergic diseases. Most studies reported positive relationships between BPA exposure and at least one of the types of allergic disease. The paucity of studies and the observed differences in findings regarding the association between prenatal/postnatal exposure to BPS and/or BPF do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn. Further research is needed to identify the vulnerable population and the mechanisms responsible for the development of undesirable health consequences.

15

Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland

76%

Milcarz K., Polańska K., Balwicki Ł., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Hanke W., Bąk-Romaniszyn L., Kaleta D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 3

363-377

EN

Objectives This study aimed at assessment of the perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland. It is hypothesized that different factors can be considered depending on the level of smoking addiction. Therefore, a comparison between light and heavy smokers was performed. Material and Methods Data collected during the second wave of a cross-sectional study carried out in the Piotrkowski District in October 2016 – February 2017 among 1668 socio-economically disadvantaged persons constituted the source of information for the present study. Barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among daily smokers were identified via face-to face interviews. Results About one-third of the studied population admitted to being current daily smokers, almost 75% of whom were heavy smokers. The most common barriers to quitting smoking were related to difficulties in quitting (62%), the lack of willingness to quit (56%), as well as addiction and withdrawal symptoms (craving cigarettes [65%], habit [56%], stress and mood swings [55%]). A significantly higher proportion of such barriers was noted among heavy smokers compared to light smokers (p < 0.05). The following motivations to quit were pointed out by the respondents: available pharmacotherapy (47%), access to a free-of-charge cessation clinic (40%), and encouragement and support provided by their doctor (30%), with no differences between various levels of smoking addiction (p > 0.05). Conclusions Developing effective interventions targeted at unique deprived populations requires understanding the barriers and motivators to quitting smoking. Social support and financial issues, including free-of-charge pharmacotherapy and cessation clinics, as well as doctor’s encouragement and support, are crucial for successful smoking cessation in this vulnerable population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):363–77

16

The effect of air pollution on the respiratory system in preschool children with contribution of urban heat islands and geographic data – the aim of the study and methodological assumptions

76%

Bobrowska-Korzeniowska M., Jerzyńska J., Polańska K., Kaleta D., Stelmach I., Kunert A., Stelmach W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2021

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vol. 34

|

issue 4

453-460

EN

It has been proven that outdoor and indoor air pollutants can cause adverse health effects and are able to promote the onset of atopic diseases. The current manuscript is focused on methodological issues. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of air pollution, urban environment, and urban heat islands (UHIs) on the occurrence of respiratory diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma and wheezing in preschool children. The study group consists of 276 five-year-old children attending randomly selected kindergartens in the urban and rural areas of the Łódź Voivodeship. The questionnaire including data on the child’s state of health and socio-economic data will be filled by the caregivers. The children will undergo skin prick testing and the measurement of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. The key components of air pollution – particulate matter (PM) will be measured by personal meters. The PM sampling planned in the study will take 12 h for PM2.5 and for PM10 alike. Data on the level of outdoor air pollution will be collected based on the results obtained from air monitoring stations. The impact of air pollution, UHIs and the environment on the respiratory system and the presence of allergies in children, including chronic respiratory diseases, will be assessed. The project results will provide a scientific basis for the development of preventive programs in the population of children in the Łódź Voivodeship, adapted to the real health needs of society.

17

Dobre praktyki w opiece profilaktycznej nad kobietą ciężarną w miejscu pracy – wpływ czynników szkodliwych i uciążliwości występujących w środowisku pracy i domowym na przebieg oraz wynik ciąży

64%

Marcinkiewicz A., Wężyk A., Muszyński P., Polańska K., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Wiszniewska M., Walusiak-Skorupa J., Hanke W.

Medycyna Pracy

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2015

|

vol. 66

|

issue 5

713-724

EN

The key activity in good practice of occupational medicine is to control, on a regular basis, the workers’ health and how it is affected by the work environment and – consequently – to provide the employers and employees with advice regarding the organization, ergonomics, physiology and psychology of work. Occupational medicine practitioners should remember that certain duties are performed both at work and at home. This issue is particularly important in preventive healthcare of pregnant working women. Taking the above into consideration, we reviewed the literature with respect to nuisance and occupational risk factors, which might be associated with professional and household duties. The research indicates the need to reduce activities that require frequent bending or lifting, put a women at risk of falling or cause excess occupational stress for pregnant women. We would like to draw the doctors’ attention to the possibility of exceeding a 4-hour limit of work at video display terminals and negative effects of low physical exercise and sitting for a long time both at work and at home. Since long working hours (over 40 h/week) affect the course of pregnancy negatively, total working time at work (including any additional jobs) and at home must be taken into account in the occupational risk assessment. To sum up, we emphasize that preventive healthcare of pregnant working women should mainly include education programmes. Women need to know how to perform their work safely and pay attention to the scope and frequency of household tasks (duties). Med Pr 2015;66(5):713–724

PL

Kluczowym działaniem w ramach dobrych praktyk w opiece profilaktycznej jest systematyczna kontrola stanu zdrowia pracujących, ocena jego związku przyczynowego z warunkami pracy oraz w efekcie – udzielanie pracownikom i pracodawcom porad w zakresie organizacji pracy, ergonomii, fizjologii i psychologii pracy. Lekarz medycyny pracy powinien przy tym pamiętać, że niektóre czynności wykonywane przez pracowników nie tylko wchodzą w zakres obowiązków zawodowych, ale są wykonywane przez nich również w domu. Taka świadomość jest szczególnie ważna w opiece profilaktycznej nad pracującą ciężarną. Biorąc powyższe pod uwagę, autorzy niniejszej publikacji dokonali przeglądu piśmiennictwa pod kątem uciążliwości i czynników szkodliwych, na które kobiety w ciąży mogą być narażone w trakcie wykonywania pracy zawodowej i w warunkach domowych. Przedstawione wyniki badań wskazują konieczność minimalizowania u ciężarnych czynności wymuszających częste pochylanie się, grożących upadkiem, wymagających dźwigania oraz związanych z nadmiernym stresem. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość przekraczania łącznie w pracy i w domu obecnie obowiązującego w polskim prawie limitu 4 godzin pracy przy komputerze – głównie ze względu na wiążący się z tym niekorzystny wpływ niskiej aktywności fizycznej i długotrwale utrzymywanej pozycji siedzącej. Ze względu na niekorzystny wpływ pracy powyżej 40 godz. tygodniowo na przebieg ciąży w ocenie ryzyka zawodowego wskazana jest analiza łącznego czasu pracy ciężarnej z uwzględnieniem dodatkowych prac zarobkowych i zajęć domowych. W podsumowaniu autorzy podkreślają, że opieka profilaktyczna nad pracującą ciężarną wymaga edukowania ciężarnych w zakresie sposobu wykonywania obowiązków służbowych, ze zwróceniem uwagi na zakres i częstość czynności domowych analogicznych do zawodowych. Med. Pr. 2015;66(5):713–724

18

Children’s residential exposure to selected allergens and microbial indicators: endotoxins and (1→3)-β-D-glucans

64%

Kozajda A., Bródka K., Sowiak M., Sobala W., Polańska K., Jurewicz J., Hanke W., Szadkowska-Stańczyk I.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2013

|

vol. 26

|

issue 6

870-889

EN

Objectives: The study was aimed at assessment of exposure to endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and mite, cockroach, cat, dog allergens present in settled dust in premises of children as agents which may be significantly correlated with the occurrence of allergic symptoms and diseases in children. Materials and Methods: The study covered 50 homes of one- or two-year-old children in Poland. Samples of settled dust were taken from the floor and the child's bed. The levels of (1→3)-β-D-glucans (floor), endotoxins (floor) and allergens of mite, cat, dog and cockroach (floor and bed) were analyzed. Results: Average geometric concentrations (geometric standard deviation) of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans, Der p1, Fel d1, Can f1 and Bla g1 in children homes were on the floor 42 166.0 EU/g (3.2), 20 478.4 ng/g (2.38), 93.9 ng/g (6.58), 119.8 ng/g (13.0), 288.9 ng/g (3.4), 0.72 U/g (4.4) and in their beds (only allergens) 597.8 ng/g (14.2), 54.1 ng/g (4.4), 158.6 ng/g (3.1) 0.6 U/g (2.9), respectively. When the floor was covered with the carpet, higher concentrations of endotoxins, (1→3)-β-D-glucans and allergens (each type) were found in the settled dust (p < 0.05). The trend was opposite in case of allergens (except dog) analyzed from bed dust and significantly higher concentrations were found in the rooms with smooth floor (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Among the analyzed factors only the type of floor significantly modified both the level of biological indicators and allergens. The results of this study could be the base for verifying a hypothesis that carpeting may have a protective role against high levels of cockroach, dog and cat allergens.

19

Duration of breastfeeding and psychomotor development in 1-year-old children – Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study

64%

Stelmach I., Kwarta P., Jerzyńska J., Stelmach W., Krakowiak J., Karbownik M., Podlecka D., Hanke W., Polańska K.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 2

175-184

EN

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and child neurodevelopment based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. Material and Methods The current analysis included 501 mother–child pairs. The analysis evaluating the association between the length of breastfeeding and child neurodevelopment considered the following variables: maternal age and body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, parental level of education, marital status, socioeconomic status, child gender, birthweight, type of delivery, preterm delivery, pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco constituents and child day care attendance. Psychomotor development was assessed in 1-year-olds on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Results The length of breastfeeding correlated positively with maternal age at delivery (ρ = 0.13), maternal and paternal level of education (ρ = 0.2 and ρ = 0.14 respectively), birthweight (ρ = 0.1) and marital status (ρ = 0.16) (p < 0.05). A negative correlation between the length of breastfeeding and maternal smoking status during the first year after delivery (ρ = –0.19) and weight gain during pregnancy (r = –0.1) was observed (p < 0.05). The association between the duration of breastfeeding and child development was not statistically significant in the model with the inclusion of confounding variables. A significant association between language development and maternal level of education (p = 0.004), gender of the child (p = 0.0007) and maternal weight gain during pregnancy (p = 0.01) was found. A negative association between cognitive development and maternal salivary cotinine during pregnancy (p = 0.03) and a negative association between motor development and maternal smoking status during the first year after delivery (p = 0.007) were also found. Conclusions This study found no significant association between the duration of breastfeeding and child development after adjustment for confounders. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):175–84

20

Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) – Methodology of the follow-up of the children at the age of 7

52%

Polańska K., Hanke W., Król A., Potocka A., Waszkowska M., Jacukowicz A., Gromadzińska J., Wąsowicz W., Jerzyńska J., Stelmach W., Stelmach I.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2016

|

vol. 29

|

issue 6

883-893

EN

Effects of environmental exposures in utero and in the first years of life on early life health and development is a growing research area with major public health implications. The main aim of this work has been to provide an overview of the next step of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) covering exposure, health and neurodevelopment assessments of children at 7 years of age. Details regarding methodology of the follow-up of the children are crucial for cross-cohort collaboration and a full understanding of the future research questions. Phase III of the REPRO_PL cohort covers a follow-up of 900 children at the age of 7 years old. The questionnaire filled in by the mothers is composed of: socio-demographic, child exposure and home environment information, nutritional status and health data. In the case of 400 children, environmental (including collection of urine, saliva and buccal cells), health status and psychomotor assessments are performed. Health and development check consists of physical measurements, child health status assessment (including lung function tests, skin prick testing, an interview/examination by an allergist) and psychomotor development tests (the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Intelligence and Development Scales). The results of the study will become available within the next few years. Extension of the REPRO_PL cohort with examinations of children at the age of 7 years old may provide a better understanding of the relationship between environmental and lifestyle-related factors and children’s health and neurodevelopment; and may further strengthen scientific base for policies and interventions promoting healthy lifestyle. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):883-893

Refine search results

Smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy as the risk factors for poor child neurodevelopment – A review of epidemiological studies

Effect of environmental phthalate exposure on pregnancy duration and birth outcomes

Towards estimating the burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure in Polish children

Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

Perceived cessation treatment effectiveness among socially disadvantaged light and heavy smokers

Exposure to environmental and lifestyle factors and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children - A review of epidemiological studies

Exposure to widespread environmental toxicants and children’s cognitive development and behavioral problems

Predictors of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among pregnant women - Prospective cohort study in Poland

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Aktywność zawodowa w czasie ciąży na podstawie badania "Polska Kohorta Matka–Dziecko"

Ergonomia i organizacja pracy zdalnej – aspekt zdrowotny i zalecenia dotyczące organizacji biura domowego

Polish mother and child cohort study (REPRO_PL) - Methodology of follow-up of the children

Palenie tytoniu w miejscu pracy – prawny i zdrowotny aspekt biernego narażenia na dym tytoniowy

Relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposure to BPA and its analogues (BPS, BPF) and allergic diseases

Perceived barriers and motivators to smoking cessation among socially-disadvantaged populations in Poland

The effect of air pollution on the respiratory system in preschool children with contribution of urban heat islands and geographic data – the aim of the study and methodological assumptions

Dobre praktyki w opiece profilaktycznej nad kobietą ciężarną w miejscu pracy – wpływ czynników szkodliwych i uciążliwości występujących w środowisku pracy i domowym na przebieg oraz wynik ciąży

Children’s residential exposure to selected allergens and microbial indicators: endotoxins and (1→3)-β-D-glucans

Duration of breastfeeding and psychomotor development in 1-year-old children – Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study

Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) – Methodology of the follow-up of the children at the age of 7