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The development of radio services in the Second Polish Republic. Social, strategic and political rationale

100%
Kaszuba E.
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
|
2014
|
issue 1 (1)
117-132
XX
In the Second Polish Republic, to about the mid-twenties, radio broadcasting was only a technical innovation. A fundamental change in this area was carried out by a private- state company Polish Radio, after a nation-wide state license for “broadcasting”, that is a radio for the masses, was granted to it, on August 18, 1925..Polish Radio launched the enduring native radio and began to realise a great project of development of radio services in the country. Stimulating the development of radio broadcasting, in addition to economic significance, gained social, strategic and political importance. Radio ensured the freedom of communication, therefore it could prove useful in supporting the process of unifying the newly recovered state and society and expanded the access of all social groups including an underprivileged social class because of poverty, illiteracy, living in remote areas and being removed from the centre in terms of advancement of civilization to the modern informative, educational and cultural medium. Moreover, Polish Radio was forced to respond to hostile propaganda broadcast by radio stations in neighbouring countries, mainly in Germany and Soviet Union and also in Lithuania. Finally, in terms of the development of radio services, the Second Polish Republic made considerable progress, creating a technical base from scratch and popularising radio among the masses.
2
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The model of radio broadcasting in the second polish republic. Concepts – struggle for the license – experimental radio of the Polish radio technical

100%
Kaszuba E.
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
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2014
|
issue 1 (1)
133-153
EN
The Second Polish Republic was re-established as a whole composed of peripheral areas of three powers. In these circumstances, after regaining independence, the idea of restoring unity at various levels became the focus of the Polish raison d’etat. At that time the radio, which at the end of World War I revolutionised communication and the transfer of information, could prove useful in supporting the process of unifying the state and society by means of extensive propaganda campaigns. Two main attitudes were presented in a public debate on the shape of the national radio in Poland. The citizens’ movement promoted a model of the radio as a monopolistic organisation subject to the State, operating on the basis of a license and subscription, responsible for carrying out a mission for the benefit of the state and society. Polish Radio S.A. preferred the private and commercial model of radio. In this configuration, two interesting personalities faced each other, Zygmunt Chamiec with the support of Polish Radio and Stanisław Odyniec, a participant and co-coordinator of the social radio amateur movement for the development of national broadcasting, closely associated with the Polish Radio Technical Society.
3
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Generał Edward Rydz-Śmigły przed mikrofonem Polskiego Radia (1935–1939). Medialny wizerunek następcy Komendanta

100%
Kaszuba E.
Res Historica
|
2023
|
issue 56
631-653
EN
After Józef Piłsudski’s death general Edward Rydz-Śmigły instantly advanced in the hierarchy of power getting to position of a head-on personage of the Second Polish Republic. To this dizzying career significantly contributed pre-war Polish Radio. This article is an attempt to reconstruct the image of Rydz-Śmigły, shaped by the mentioned mass media, which was not a subject of separate historical studies so far. Presented considerations focuses on the activity of the radio that served to build popularity and strong political position of the general inspector of the armed forces, both in society and in the ruling camp. The purpose of the research is to analyze forms and content of broadcasts dedicated to general Rydz-Śmigły which made up the record of his political and military career for the years 1935–1939. Due to the fact that documentation (including recordings) produced by pre-war Polish Radio was almost entirely destroyed by German occupier the basis of the submitted studies are indirect sources. Among them weekly „Antena” is of key importance. This magazine belonged to Polish Radio which allows us to assume it is the most authoritative publisher on matters relating to radio policy, content, and ideological overtone of broadcasts.
PL
Po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego gen. Edward Rydz-Śmigły błyskawicznie awansował w hierarchii władzy, wybijając się na pozycję czołowej osobistości II Rzeczypospolitej. Do tej zawrotnej kariery w istotnej mierze przyczyniło się przedwojenne Polskie Radio. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji wizerunku Rydza-Śmigłego kształtowanego przez wspomniane media, co do tej pory nie było przedmiotem odrębnych studiów historycznych. Prezentowany tekst ogniskuje się na działaniach radia, które z założenia służyły budowaniu popularności i mocnej pozycji politycznej Generalnego Inspektora Sił Zbrojnych, tak w społeczeństwie, jak i w łonie piłsudczykowskiego obozu rządzącego. Celem badań jest przeanalizowanie form i treści przekazu radiowego dotyczącego Rydza-Śmigłego, które tworzyły swoisty zapis jego kariery za lata 1935–1939. W związku z tym, że dokumentacja (wraz z nagraniami) wytworzona przez przedwojenne Polskie Radio została niemal w całości zniszczona przez niemieckiego okupanta, podstawą przedłożonych badań są źródła pośrednie. Wśród nich kluczowe znaczenie ma tygodnik „Antena”. Czasopismo było organem Polskiego Radia, co pozwala uznać, że stanowi najbardziej miarodajny publikator w sprawach polityki programowej, zawartości i ideowej wymowy emitowanych audycji.
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