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Recovery of rescuers from a 24-h shift and its association with aerobic fitness

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Lyytikäinen K., Toivonen L., Hynynen E., Lindholm H., Kyröläinen H.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2017

vol. 30

issue 3

433-444

Objectives Rescuers work in 24-h shifts and the demanding nature of the occupation requires adequate recovery between work shifts. The purpose of this study has been to find out what kind of changes in autonomic control may be seen during work shift and its recovery period in the case of rescuers. An additional interest has been to see if aerobic fitness is associated with recovery from work shifts. Material and Methods Fourteen male rescuers (aged 34±9 years old) volunteered to participate in the study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded for 96 h to study stress and recovery, from the beginning of a 24-h work shift to the beginning of the next shift. Aerobic fitness assessment included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimation with a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. Salivary cortisol samples were collected 0 min, 15 min, and 30 min after awakening on the 3 resting days. Results Some HRV parameters showed enhanced autonomic control after the work shift. Stress percentage decreased from the working day to the 2nd rest day (p < 0.05). However, maximal oxygen uptake was not associated with enhanced parasympathetic cardiac control (p > 0.05). Cortisol awakening response was attenuated right after the work shift. Conclusions The HRV findings show that recovery after a long work shift takes several days. Thus, rescuers should pay attention to sufficient recovery before the next work shift, and an integrated model of perceived and physiological measurements could be beneficial to assess cardiovascular strain among rescuers with long work shifts. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):433–444

Inflammatory response to acute exposure to welding fumes during the working day

72%

Järvelä M., Kauppi P., Tuomi T., Luukkonen R., Lindholm H., Nieminen R., Moilanen E., Hannu T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2013

vol. 26

issue 2

220-229

Objectives: To investigate cardiorespiratory and inflammatory responses in male workers following exposure to welding fumes and airborne particles in actual workplace conditions. Materials and Methods: We measured blood leukocytes and their differential counts, platelet count, hemoglobin, sensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, E-selectin, IL-(interleukin)1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 in blood samples of twenty workers before and after their working day. We also studied peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), and exhaled nitric oxide (NO). We assessed heart rate variability (HRV) by obtaining 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograms. Results: The total blood leukocytes and neutrophils increased after the work shift, whereas IL-1β and E-selectin decreased significantly. There were no tatistically significant changes in exhaled NO, FEV₁, PEF or HRV. Conclusion: Occupational exposure to welding fumes and particles caused a slight, acute inflammatory effect estimated based on the increased values of leukocytes and neutrophils in blood and a decrease in the interleukin 1β and E-selectin values, but no changes in the pulmonary function (exhaled NO, FEV₁, PEF) or HRV during the working day were observed.

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2 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2 Lindholm H.

1 Hannu T.

1 Hynynen E.

1 Järvelä M.

1 Kauppi P.

1 Kyröläinen H.

1 Luukkonen R.

1 Lyytikäinen K.

1 Moilanen E.

1 Nieminen R.

1 Toivonen L.

1 Tuomi T.

1 2017

1 2013

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Recovery of rescuers from a 24-h shift and its association with aerobic fitness

Inflammatory response to acute exposure to welding fumes during the working day