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EN
Liliana Indan-Pykno aim in this paper is to present the issues concerning application of the institution of mediation in juvenile delinquency proceedings, and to examine the reasonability of actions taken by the legislator in this regard as well as accompanying doubts. Since the inclusion of the mediation institution in the Act on Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings, this regulation has had many supporters and opponents. Thus, the following question arose, Does mediation in juvenile delinquency proceedings really make sense? The literature emphasizes the positive impact of mediation upon shaping the behaviour of juveniles by making them aware of the harmfulness of their actions and the need to redress the damage through contact with the victim. On the other hand, critics emphasize a certain artificial character of mediation in such cases. Mediation may not correct educational mistakes made over many years; however, the fact that it raises doubts should not lead to a complete elimination of the institution of mediation in juvenile delinquency cases. Mediation should continue to apply to juvenile offenders who do not show a high level of demoralization or those whose cases are heard for the first time by family courts.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnień dotyczących stosowania instytucji mediacji w postępowaniach o wykroczenia nieletnich, omówienie zasadności działań podejmowanych przez ustawodawcę w tym zakresie i towarzyszących im wątpliwości. Od momentu wprowadzenia instytucji mediacji do ustawy Prawo o postępowaniu w sprawach nieletnich regulacja ta ma zarówno wielu zwolenników, jak i przeciwników. Rodzi się więc pytanie – czy mediacja w sprawach nieletnich sprawców przestępstw ma rzeczywiście sens? W literaturze podkreśla się pozytywny wpływ mediacji na kształtowanie zachowań nieletnich poprzez uświadomienie im w drodze kontaktu z ofiarą zakresu szkodliwości ich czynu i konieczności jego zadośćuczynienia. Krytyczne głosy akcentują natomiast pewną sztuczność mediacji w tego rodzaju sprawach. Nie jest możliwe naprawienie w wyniku mediacji błędów wychowawczych popełnionych na przestrzeni lat. Podnoszone wątpliwości nie wykluczają jednak całkowicie instytucji mediacji w sprawach nieletnich. Mediacja w dalszym ciągu powinna mieć zastosowanie do nieletnich sprawców, którzy nie wykazują się wysokim poziomem zdemoralizowania, lub do tych, którzy przed sądem rodzinnym stają po raz pierwszy.
EN
The author of this extensive article consisting of two parts tries to show, on the basis of copiously quoted sources, that singing together in the family is in St John Chrysostom's pedagogical thought one of the important means of education. In Part One that is devoted to St John Chrysostom's pedagogy, on the basis of the Bishop of Constantinople's statements the author shows that in the family, which he calls the Church of the home, mainly the father (pater familias) is responsible for this kind of educational activity: it is him who should bring the atmosphere of the church to the family and teach the children and all the members of the household to sing – first of all the psalms that are rich in manifold values and that bring numerous kinds of good as well as God's blessing to the family; he also should prevent them from singing lay songs, originating mainly from the theatre, grand feasts and wedding parties: he calls the songs devilish, as they bring a lot of evil and dissipation to the homes. The author also reminds that the eloquent bishop, being, like all the Fathers of the Church, a firm opponent of instrumental music in God's service, as the first one in Constantinople introduced antiphonic singing, opposing it to the Arians' analogous singing that propagated heresy. In Part Two of the article the author tries to answer the question whether John Chrysostom was original in his teaching that music and singing have a positive effect on shaping a child's soul; bymeans of quoting numerous statements (by the Pythagoreans, Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, the Skeptics and Christian authors: Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius, Basil, Theodoretus of Cyrus, and in the West – Ambrose and Augustine) he also reminds of the ancient theory ofthe musical ethos that took the same views; John Chrysostom just emphasized them more strongly.
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