Peasant photography is an incredibly interesting cultural phenomenon. Until the photograph appeared in the space of the countryside, spoken word had been the major form of expression used by peasants to talk about themselves and the world. It is a type of photography created for the needs of peasants on their own initiative. Photos represent a selected moment in a passage rite of a family, portraying its members and acquaintances. They constitute an important element in shaping the image of the peasant. Therefore the initiative of the historian Joanna Sapieżyńska, who collected and prepared photographs of the inhabitants of her native village in the album “Witowo” is very valuable. The collected photographs of the inhabitants of Witowo show images of peasant life over 50 years. The photos available in the form of album play an important role in the reconstruction of village’s microhistory. They are a testimony to the changes and shaping of the identity of Podlasie Belarusians. Peasant photography from Witowo shows the richness of peasant Belarusian culture. It should be noted that there are noticeable differences between the photographs created in Podlasie and photos from other regions of Poland. Photographs collected by J. Sapieżyńska are of great value for historical, cultural and social reasons. They can be of great importance in popularizing Belarusian culture in Podlasie as an example of its strength and values, as well as in encouraging a return to the roots.
Izmaragd is a noncalendar collection of instructions, composed in times of Old Rus' on the basis of existing corpus of, translated or written originally in Slavonic, homilies. Three redactions of Izmaragd are known: Old, Basic and Lithuanian. Izmaragd consists of excerpts from “Treatise against the Bogomils”, written in II half of the X century by Bulgarian writer Presbyter Kozma. Research proved that texts from Treatise against the Bogomils in three redactions of Izmaragd are not the result of direct use of Presbyter Kozma’s work. Compilers of the Old redaction of Izmaragd used chetis sbornik with excerpts from Treatise, from where they borrowed two homilies (chapter 28-29). Compilers of the Basic redaction of Izmaragd removed one text of the Old redaction, and the another changed reworded. Compilers of the Lithuanian redaction saved one homily of the Basic redaction of Izmaragd (chapter 3.VI) and added five texts from Prologue (chapter 72.I, 73.I, 74.I, 30.VII, 318.VII). The article is accompanied by three unpublished texts of homilies, form the Lithuanian redaction of Izmaragd (chapters 72.I, 73.I, 74.I), that originated form the Treatise against the Bogomils.
RU
Измарагд, некалендарный сборник поучений, составленный в Древней Руси на основе уже бытовавшего корпуса переводных и оригинальных учительных гомилий и известный в трех редакциях (древнейшей, основной и литовской), содержит выдержки из „Беседы против богомилов“, написанной во второй половине X в. болгарским писателем Козьмой Пресвитером. Исследование показало, что тексты Беседы против богомилов в трех редакциях Измарагда не являются результатом непосредственного обращения к сочинению Козьмы Пресвитера. Составители древнейшей редакции Измарагда воспользовались четьими сборниками с извлечениями из Беседы, откуда заимствовали две гомилии (гл. 28–29); редакторы основной редакции Измарагда устранили один текст древнейшей редакции, а второй сильно переработали (гл. 21); авторы литовской редакции сохранили одно поучение основной редакции Измарагда (гл. 3.VI) и привлекли 5 текстов из Пролога (гл. 72.I, 73.I, 74.I, 30.VII, 318.VII). В конце статьи приведены тексты 3 восходящих к Беседе Козьмы Пресвитера гомилий в составе литовской редакции Измарагда (гл. 72.I, 73.I, 74.I), которые ранее не опубликовались.
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