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EN
The aim of the article is a survey of the legal and informal competences of the Federal Chancellery in Germany with a focus on the European policy of the Federal Republic. As the research problem the author sets himself the task of demonstrating in a scientific argument that the Federal Chancellery effectively performs the function of coordinator of Germany’s European policy, closely cooperating with the ministries (especially the Federal Foreign Office) and the Permanent Representation of Germany to the European Union. The hypothesis has been adopted that the Federal Chancellery plays the role of mediator between the government and the parliament, the federal states, social organizations and representatives of foreign states. It provides the Chancellor with current information and various analyses pertaining to the functioning of the European Union. The article uses the following research methods: systemic analysis, institutional-legal analysis and decision method analysis.
EN
The article describes the process of developing the Polish-Germany military cooperation in the 21st century. It presents the bases for the bilateral military relationships between Poland and Germany and shows their development. The paper underlines the role of Germany in the Polish participation in NATO. The Author describes the common initiatives after joining the Pact, especially the participation of Bundeswehr in training and technical modernisation of the Polish armed forces. He claims that after the year 2015, the Polish-German military cooperation will be a function of Germany’s pragmatics and Poland’s history politics. The main problem of the Polish government will be the German willingness to constantly build NATO military bases in Poland.
PL
With the start of the new century, and especially during the last decade, many writers are starting to putt he focus on the body and its various problems derived from the current socioeconomic system. One of them is Marta Sanz, for whom, in her own words, writing consists of “naming the body” and, thanks to that, “conquering the territory”. His discourse is frontally opposed to the discourse of postmodernity and to the models of advanced capitalism, above all and more consciously in his latest novels. What this article aims to show is how and in what way the body and its repolitization constitute one of the central axes of this author’s writing.
5
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EN
This study attempts to contextualize the issue of contemporary Greek farright political movements within a broader historical background and identify the basic differences in the ideological orientation, political goals, and methods of “traditional” and contemporary forms of the extreme right in Greece. Since approximately the year 2000 it has been possible to trace an unprecedented rise to power of far right groups (considered within the context of recent Greek conditions) on the Greek political scene. On the basis of analysis of primary sources in the form of materials published by the political parties investigated, and with the help of a great amount of secondary literature, the study should illuminate the ways in which the issues that the present-day far right parties reflect in their platforms have changed in comparison with the past. At the same time, the author of this article aims to answer the question of why, since the year 2000, there has been such a significant revival of far right politics in Greece, how the new extreme right wing parties arose, and from what they derive their legitimacy.
EN
The paper presents the book titled The Enlightenment, or Here and Now, edited by Łukasz Ronduda and Tomasz Szerszeń (Warsaw 2021, 320 pages). The book consists of seven essays by Polish scholars, an introduction by the editors (Ł. Ronduda, T. Szerszeń, Here and Now) and an appendix (J. Talbierska, The Paper Museum...). Among the authors, there are philosophers, culture studies specialists, historians of art, journalists, graphic artists and painters (the book contains illustrations). The authors present connections between the Enlightenment and the 21st century. There the book discusses the essay titled What is Enlightenment? by Immanuel Kant (1784).
EN
The analyses of the security environment of the second decade of the 21st century clearly indicate that the period will be recorded in history as a decade of change, a time of discontinuation. Liberal democracy ceases to be the dominant paradigm, and the challenging of the liberal-democratic ideas is the most profound change since the establishment of the democratic order in the West in 1945. We are facing a growing gap between societal expectations and the abilities of the governments as well as the results that they deliver – the function of the state is changing, and governing is becoming ever more difficult. It is highly likely that the consequences of these changes will be more serious than the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The basic principles of the international order created after World War II are becoming increasingly obsolete. It appears obvious that these changes affect not only individual societies in the West, but also global international relations. These changes are accompanied by a scientific and technological revolution, in particular with regard to information. These phenomena can and should be analysed in terms of changes in the security environment understood as a mix of opportunities, challenges, threats and risks. This applies to the European Union in particular, as well as to the entire continent. It is reasonable to assume that risks and threats to Europe gain new depth within this context.
Filoteknos
|
2019
|
issue 9
75–85
EN
The paper presents the results of the analysis of about a hundred Polish books for younger children (3–10 year-olds) written in the 21st century. During the research special attention was paid to the depiction of children’s play in the analysed literature. The author compared the character of play in Polish children’s classics (M. Konopnicka, M. Kownacka, Cz. Janczarski) with recent stories and novels (written by G. Kasdepke, R. Jędrzejewska-Wróbel, R. Witek, A. Tyszka and others). Some sociological research is referenced in order to assess whether writers present actual situations of play (diagnostic) or try to influence play by giving advice on how to play and what to play (prescriptive). The main conclusions of the research are: in contemporary literature for young readers, children’s play is not presented as often as it was in the previous century; children characters need adults’ help, advice or company to play, they rarely play outside with their friends without adult supervision. Instead, children’s play now often takes place in cyberspace and kids become addicted to their computers and other electronic devices; children are often bored and expect help in finding interesting and involving forms of play.
EN
This article is a critical response to the claim advanced by Robert Elliott Allinson in three issues of Dialogue and Universalism that we need a new Enlightenment for the 21st century. In contradistinction to this claim, I argue that what we really need is a new interpretation of the ideals of the European Enlightenment. This assertion is based on the assumption that the basic beliefs and values that constitute the heart and soul of the European Enlightenment are founded in human nature and that this nature is one and the same among all human beings. My discussion is composed of two parts, the first is formal, and the second is analytical. In the first part, I present general observations on the cultural and historical dynamics of the European Enlightenment. In the second part, I advance an analysis and a critical evaluation of the arguments Allinson advances in the editorial he wrote for the three issues of Dialogue and Universalism. The proposition I defend is that we need not a new Enlightenment but an interpretation and a comprehensive, efficacious implementation of the ideals of reason, science, and humanism.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie – w kontekście popularnej wśród mieszkańców i magistratu wizji Łodzi jako metropolii – zmian, jakie zachodziły w zabudowie Łodzi na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat. Analizie zostały poddane głównie te obiekty architektoniczne i założenia modernizujące przestrzeń i układ miasta, które w powszechnym odbiorze mieszkańców oraz współczesnych mediów korzystnie wpływają na jego wizerunek. W skrótowy sposób zaprezentowano najbardziej udane przekształcenia urbanistyczne (modernizacja ulic, Dworzec Tramwajowy Centrum oraz próba stworzenia Nowego Centrum Łodzi), jak też rewitalizacje licznych w mieście terenów pofabrycznych (Manufaktura, OFF Piotrkowska, elektrownia EC1). Omówiono też nowe realizacje, jak Dworzec Łódź Fabryczna, nowe hotele oraz licznie powstające w ostatnich latach biurowce.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the changes that have taken place in the development of the building structures in Łódź over the last twenty years in the context of the popular vision of Łódź as a metropolis city. Such concept is particularly popular among the city’s inhabitants and the city magistrate. The architectural objects which were taken into consideration have a positive impact on the image of Łódź, according to the common perception of Łódź residents and its modern media. The most successful urban transformations (streets modernization, the Centrum Tram Station and the attempt to create a New Center for Łódź) are briefly presented, as well as revitalizations of the post-factory areas in the city (“Manufaktura”, OFF Piotrkowska, EC1 powerhouse). New projects are also under consideration, such as Łódź Fabryczna Station, new hotels and office buildings that have been constructed in recent years.
EN
The analyses of the security environment of the second decade of the 21st century clearly indicate that the period will be recorded in history as a decade of change, a time of discontinuation. Liberal democracy ceases to be the dominant paradigm, and the challenging of the liberal-democratic ideas is the most profound change since the establishment of the democratic order in the West in 1945. We are facing a growing gap between societal expectations and the abilities of the governments as well as the results that they deliver – the function of the state is changing, and governing is becoming ever more difficult. It is highly likely that the consequences of these changes will be more serious than the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The basic principles of the international order created after World War II are becoming increasingly obsolete. It appears obvious that these changes affect not only individual societies in the West, but also global international relations. These changes are accompanied by a scientific and technological revolution, in particular with regard to information. These phenomena can and should be analysed in terms of changes in the security environment understood as a mix of opportunities, challenges, threats and risks. This applies to the European Union in particular, as well as to the entire continent. It is reasonable to assume that risks and threats to Europe gain new depth within this context.
EN
The article attempts to classify and distinguish the phenomena listed in the title as distinctive childhood care and education problems of the 21st century. The author begins with a discussion of primary causes of human aggressiveness and aggression, then briefly analyzes and describes the phenomena/concepts of aggressiveness, aggression, and violence, focusing on a relatively detailed analysis and description of school bullying and cyberbullying as new and distinctive childhood care and education problems of the 21st century. At the end, he presents conclusions from the analysis.
Werkwinkel
|
2015
|
vol. 10
|
issue 1
99-114
EN
This article is based on the belief that in every historical period, there is a certain part of the literary production that reflects the recent events or tendencies in the contemporary society. Using my dissertation, in which I did research on the representations of the globalisation in recent Dutch and Flemish fiction, as an example of which issues were or were not represented in a number of selected Dutch-written novels, I point out that ecology, which turned to be a non-issue in my corpus, deserves new attention at this moment. My article suggests some attitudes that can help to interpret the ecological issues and the tightly connected subject of animal rights. The new challenges for the literary studies are first of all presented by the ecocriticism and the (critical) animal studies
EN
The study deals with the phenomenon of pilgrimages after the year 1989. Except for the traditional pilgrimage festivities associated with the confession of faith, such as in Žarošice in South Moravia, where a pilgrimage ritual with many Baroque relicts is still practised on the so-called Golden Saturday, we can notice the disappearance of pilgrimages. At the same time, the traditional form of pilgrimages is transformed, and we can observe innovative trends after 1989. Pilgrimage tourism is developing significantly, professional and association pilgrimages (e.g. these of firefighters, gamekeepers, beekeepers, and teachers) are being organised, and cycling pilgrimages are becoming popular among all age groups. In contrast to Western Europe, the phenomenon of longdistance pilgrimages, not only to Santiago de Compostela in Spain, but also to Mariazell, Roma, Assisi, and the Holy Land, has arrived in the Czech Republic with a certain delay. After the year 2000, pilgrim routes have been replicated and trucked, modern pilgrim routes are being built. Last but not least, we try to answer the question of what role a pilgrimage site, a pilgrimage or a pilgrimage tradition plays in the Czech society of the twenty-first century.
PL
Współczesny świat stawia przed jednostką i grupą społeczną konieczność dostosowania się do wciąż zmieniających się warunków. Zmiany i ich konsekwencje ujmować można w kontekście pozytywnym oraz negatywnym. Szczególny niepokój wiąże się z następstwami negatywnych przeobrażeń rzeczywistości. Upadek autorytetów osobowych i instytucji, kryzys w sferze wartości, anomie społeczne, zachowania konsumpcyjne i dewiacyjne różnych grup, a szczególnie młodzieży, stawia przed pedagogami konieczność wdrażania młodzież do uznawania społecznie akceptowanych wartości. Artykuł zawiera rozważania na powyższe kwestie, ukazuje ponadto źródła wartości, z jakich korzysta młodzież przy budowaniu własnego systemu wartości, a także rezultaty przyjętych przez młodzież kryteriów wartościowania. Analizie poddano także uznawanie przez młodych ludzi wartości prospołecznych jako swoistych przeciwstawień pogłębiającego się indywidualizmu.
EN
The modern world imposes the necessity of adaptation to constantly changing conditions on the individual and social group. The changes and their consequences can be recognized in positive and negative contexts. A particular concern is associated with the negative consequences of the transformation of reality. The collapse of personal and institutional authority, the crisis of values, social anomies, consumption and deviant behavior of different groups, especially the youth, make educators need to accustom the youth to appreciate the socially accepted values. The article contains reflections on these issues, shows also the sources of values employed by young people for building their own systems, as well as the results of the evaluation criteria accepted by them. It also analyses the way young people recognize pro-social values as intrinsic opposition towards their growing individualism.
PL
Jednym z uwarunkowań rozwoju przedsiębiorczości jest poziom wykształcenia ludności. W artykule zostały przeanalizowane zmiany, jakie zaszły w edukacji w Gdyni w latach 2000–2015 oraz ich wpływ na kształtowanie lokalnego rynku pracy. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kształcenie zawodowe. Uwzględniono oddziaływanie czynników demograficznych oraz reformy szkolnictwa wdrożonej w Polsce na początku XXI w. Zmiana modelu edukacji w kierunku kształcenia ogólnego, a następnie wyższego miała ograniczyć napływ absolwentów do grupy bezrobotnych, znamienny dla początku transformacji ustrojowej (lata 90.). Grupę tę tworzyli wówczas głównie absolwenci szkół zawodowych o kwalifikacjach niedopasowanych do zmieniającego się rynku pracy. Utrwalenie nowego modelu edukacji, pogłębione dodatkowo przez niekorzystne trendy demograficzne, zmniejszyło udział absolwentów z wykształceniem zawodowym wśród bezrobotnych w Gdyni w późniejszych latach, ale wpłynęło także na deficyt kadr, zwłaszcza z wykształceniem zasadniczym na lokalnym rynku pracy. Mimo zmian struktury kierunków kształcenia dostosowywanych do aktualnych potrzeb rynku pracy oraz podejmowania współpracy z przyszłymi pracodawcami (np. przez tworzenie klas patronackich) niekorzystne trendy pogłębiają się. Niedobór pracowników z wykształceniem zawodowym na rynku pracy potwierdzają statystyki struktury bezrobotnych w Gdyni, wśród których stanowią oni najmniejszą grupę, w przeciwieństwie do absolwentów szkół wyższych reprezentujących jedną trzecią osób pozostających bez pracy.
EN
The educational level in society is one of the many factors conditioning the development of entrepreneurship. The article analyses changes in the educational system of Gdynia in the years 2000–2015, with special attention given to vocational education. The study accounts for both demographic factors and educational reforms implemented in Poland at the beginning of the 21st century. The reformed educational model, focusing on general education, was to popularise higher education and limit the number of vocational school graduates becoming the unemployed, a characteristic feature at the beginning of the transformation period (the 1990s). This group of unemployed comprised mainly graduates of vocational schools with qualifications that did not match the demand of the evolving labour market. Solidification of the new educational model, strengthened additionally by demographic trends, diminished the share of vocationally trained individuals in the group of the unemployed in Gdynia in later years, however, it also resulted in a deficit of qualified labour force, especially of qualified workers. Though structural changes were introduced in the specialities required by current labour market needs and cooperation was undertaken with future employers (e.g. by opening classes supported by entrepreneurs), the unfavourable trend continued. Statistic data of the unemployed in Gdynia confirm a shortage of qualified labour force in the labour market. The share of qualified workers amounted to merely several percent of the unemployed, contrary to the remaining groups of unemployed, with graduates of higher schools of education representing one third of the total unemployment rate.
EN
The article is aimed at presenting tools to support older workers and older persons looking for a new job in contemporary France. A focus in on on-going instruments and on instruments which were withdrew in the recent years. An analysis was aimed to answer questions who is an addressee of the tool, if the instrument is universal or selective one and if the tool is a type of a financial incentive or a social service.
PL
Celem tekstu jest prezentacja stosowanych we współczesnej Francji instrumentów wspierających starszych pracowników na rynku pracy. Przedstawione zostały zarówno narzędzia, które są używane, jak i te, które zostały wycofane w ostatnich latach jako mało efektywne. Analiza prowadzona była w sposób umożliwiający określenie, kto jest głównym adresatem wsparcia, w jakim stopniu instrumenty miały charakter selektywny lub uniwersalny oraz w jakim stopniu były to instrumenty finansowe lub usługi społeczne.
PL
W dniach 24–25 października 2013 r. w Lublinie odbywała się zorganizowana przez Instytut Bibliotekoznawstwa i Informacji Naukowej Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej konferencja podejmująca problematykę tożsamości czytelnika w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym, kondycji współczesnego czytelnictwa w szerokim kontekście kulturowym oraz diagnozy stanu kultury czytelniczej na początku XXI wieku. Problematyka referatów oscylowała głównie wokół zagadnień czytelnictwa, zainteresowań, mód i trendów czytelniczych, współczesnego rynku książki, marketingu i reklamy książki i biblioteki, form promocji czytelnictwa oraz postaw biblioteki wobec nowych oczekiwań użytkowników. Artykuł relacjonuje przebieg konferencji i zawiera podstawowe informacje na temat wygłoszonych w jej ramach referatów.
EN
On 24th–25th October, 2013 a conference called “Homo Legens or Homo Consumens? The Reader and The Book in The 21st Century” took place in Lublin. The conference was organized by the Institute of Library and Information Science at the University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska. The focus was reader identity issues in a consumer society, the condition of contemporary readership in a broad cultural context and diagnosis of the reading culture in the early 21st century. The papers referred mainly to issues of reading habits, fashions and trends, contemporary book market, marketing and advertising of books and libraries, forms of reading promotion and attitudes to new expectations of library users. The article summarizes the meeting and provides basic information on delivered presentations.
PL
W XXI wieku obserwujemy, w szczególności na gruncie polskim, wyraźny renesans black metalu jako gatunku, który w latach 90., przez jego rebeliancki podówczas charakter, strącony został w niebyt. Modernistyczny black metal, prężnie rozwijany przez rodzime zespoły, tylko w niektórych kwestiach sięga do swoich korzeni. Za sprawą nowatorskiego podejścia do formy i treści kształtowany jest awangardowy gatunek muzyczny, stopniowo wchodzący do kultury popularnej.
EN
Black metal in the 21st century, especially In Poland is resurrecting. The 1990’s was a rough time for this musical genre due to its rebellious nature. Modern black metal, highly developed by polish bands, is highly different than its generic predecessor. What is observed is an innovative direction to black metal form and content which structures an avant-garde genre, aspiring to enter the popular culture.
EN
Around the world, creative exponents of various disciplines (artists, architects, designers), social activists and members of local communities have challenged stereotypes in thinking and acting, by proposing and implementing experimental ideas of alternative libraries in place of traditional ones closed inside a building or contemporary, open and modernised libraries. In their concepts and artistic executions (installations, actions), they have referred to various traditions of public art. Untypical locations of the libraries within natural scenery, on beaches, in parks, etc. and in public and social spaces of modern cities have redefined the notion of a library, changed its form and content, and given it a new meaning and function. Alternative libraries have specific i.e. artistic, educational, social, ecological or intervention programmes, their main idea being the openness to new experiences and to people.They also follow certain rules: they operate by action and interaction, based on the process of interchange, they are self-service, free-of-charge libraries. Shelves of books, freed from the walls of buildings, or various artistic small architecture projects which serve the idea of borrowing and reading books in publicly accessible places, have transformed those places into intellectually inspiring areas. Selected alternative library models have been analysed with regard to the following interpretive factors: A library in natural space, Libraries on beaches, An open public library as an example of radical democracy, A library as ‘a sculpture of knowledge’, Street libraries (the idea and practice of bookcrossing, small free libraries), A library as an object of modern art.
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