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1

MOŽNOSTI HUMÁNNEJ EKOLÓGIE

100%
Kiss L. A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2009
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vol. 64
|
issue 2
166-176
EN
The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the main positions in ecological ethics as a special field of applied ethics. All approaches in this field endeavour to extend the area of ethics to the non-human world; they have built their systems using different theoretical constructions concerning the meaning of nature. One can enumerate the following main approaches of contemporary ethical views in human ecology: 'holistic', 'cosmocentric', 'biocentric', 'anthropocentric', 'pathocentric', and 'teleological' ethics. The paper offers a 'consciously eclectic' approach between these special points of view.
2

HLUBOKÝ NESOUHLAS A NATURALIZOVANÁ ETIKA

88%
Chudárková P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2022
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vol. 77
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issue 10
756 – 769
EN
Disagreement over moral issues is not uncommon and usually is not considered an obstacle in the search for the right solutions. Differences among individuals’ moral beliefs can be explained by the application of different non-moral facts, i.e., by different epistemology. Some ethicists believe that such a problem is not for ethics to solve. This paper aims to show that this conviction is mistaken, as moral and epistemological aspects present two sides of the same coin. Although on the moral level, one might be optimistic and hope for finding an agreement with peers based on relevant argumentation, on the epistemological level, such optimism is impossible. The main reason is deep disagreement, which occurs sooner or later when solving controversial moral dilemmas. The paper tries to explain how certain types of deep disagreement might be normatively solved within the framework of naturalized ethics.
3

ARISTOTELIAN NATURALISM AND THE IMPERFECT PROJECT OF NORMALIZING ETHICS

88%
Hähnel M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2024
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vol. 79
|
issue 2
184 – 194
EN
In this paper, I claim that the project of recovering an “ethics of normality” not only consists of the attempt to return metaphysical concepts to their everyday meaning but also is dedicated to the goal of developing a theory of the ethically self-evident that ultimately leaves things as they are. In contrast to competing ethical theories of deontology and consequentialism, Aristotelian naturalism, as a promising approach to the justification of virtue ethics, is able to provide a particular heuristic of ethical reservedness. For example, Aristotelian naturalism gives us good reasons to formulate objections to efforts to improve human nature – and even to make this improvement a moral imperative – or to implement educational programs that exceed the reasonable measure of what is ethically acceptable. In particular, I argue that the neo-Aristotelian concept of a person, expanded or grounded in the way just described, offers the appropriate basis for developing an innovative and integrative bioethical ontology of the human being.
4
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Zagadnienie eudajmonizmu i etyki stosowanej w świetle teorii kultury

75%
Malitowska A.
Filo-Sofija
|
2012
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vol. 12
|
issue 3(18)
71-81
EN
This paper is situated within some contemporary debates over the problem of the gap between professional ethical reflection and moral practice. Starting with J. Habermas’ thesis about the deficiency of communication between expert cultures and the world of everyday life, and J. Kmita’s culture-theoretical analysis of the process of liberation of the worldview from practical spheres of culture, the author explicates the problem of a discrepancy between the universal claims of normative ethics and the individualistic perspective of eudaimonism. On the basis of Birnbacher’s considerations, the author introduces the concept of “applied ethics” which reconciles both normative and eudaimonistic approaches.
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