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1

JURIJS VASILJEVS AND THE HISTORY OF LATVIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (Jurijs Vasiljevs un 20. gs. otras puses Latvijas arhitekturas vestures zinatne)

100%
Bruzgule M.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2001
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vol. 2
101-111
EN
On January 8, 1998, the Latvian architect and architectural specialist Jurijs Vasiljevs (1928-1993) would have celebrated his 70th birthday. A monumental research project to which Vasiljevs devoted his entire life, all of his knowledge and experience - The History of Latvian Architecture - was never completed nor published. This enormous work was divided up into various subjects, and it included more than 40 scientific papers and two important books. Vasiljevs was interested in individual architectural monuments and ensembles, in the structure of city planning and building in Latvia, in various architectural styles, and in the work of master builders and architects. Jurijs Vasiljevs joined the ranks of architectural specialists in 1951. A critical reevaluation of the country's architectural treasures in a spirit of vulgar sociological interpretation was seen as the foundation for Socialist architecture. Vasiljevs successfully defended his Candidate of Science dissertation at the end of 1955, and he was assigned to take over the development of the topic. Vasiljevs had enormous academic abilities, and the research work took on an entirely new quality. The work continued even after the Institute of Architecture and Construction was closed down in 1963. After 1985, when Vasiljevs was working at the Andrejs Upits Institute of Language and Literature, he proposed the establishment of a collective research project, 'Art During the Feudal Period in Latvia'. At the same time he was working on a book-length research project, 'Architectural Specifics of Latvia's Cities during the Period of Feudalism'. In the last report on his scientific work, covering the period between 1991 and 1993, he wrote: 'A factual and methodological foundation has been established for a fundamental research on Latvian architecture and urban construction, and it would be important to complete this work, receiving financing for the period 1994-1996, because the true significance of the Latvian architectural and urban construction heritage has never been reflected in a broader context.
2
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KRYTERIA OCENY WARTOŚCI ZABYTKOWEJ OBIEKTÓW ARCHITEKTURY JAKO PODSTAWA WPISU DO REJESTRU ZABYTKÓW*

88%
Witwicki M. T.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2007
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issue 1
77-98
EN
The author presented an attempted collection of his years-long experiences and a creation of a system of assessing historical value. The system of appraisal, applied in practice, cannot be overly detailed so as to avoid falling into the trap of an excessively expanded typology of phenomena and definitions. This is the reason why it must contain simplified entries and clearly distinguished definitions, which in turn produce a rigidly hierarchised arrangement. An assessment table, devised for the author's own use, proved to be a practical aid facilitating the formulation of opinions about assorted conservation issues. The table has been accepted 'cum grano salis' as an auxiliary instrument, which in particular cases can be modified. (A) - Historical value: historical witness - historical evidence - important historical document - outstanding historical document - historical monument; (B) - Artistic value: a) diversity of forms: absence - simple - expanded - rich; b) stylistic values: styleless - simple style - expanded style - complicated style - highly representative; c) creative values: absence - imitation of forms - original work - precursory; d) role in complex: subordinate - distinguished - emphasised (dominant); e) aesthetic values: disfiguring - aesthetically indifferent - interesting - attractive - extremely attractive General artistic value: absence - mediocre average - high - outstanding - unique; (C) - Scientific value: a) value of witness/document: absence - statistic - mediocre - characteristic (for category, epoch and other features impor tant for an analysis) - high - outstanding - unique; b) importance of the object of studies: absence - statistic - mediocre - high - outstanding; c) didactic value: absence - limited as regards theme and information - limited as regards theme, expanded as regards information - multi-motif - all-sidedly and outstandingly. Cumulative assessment: scientific value:- absence - mediocre - high - outstanding - unique; (D) - Non-material value: absence - mediocre - high - outstanding - unique; (E) - Value on the scale of locality. Value on a local, regional, country, and continental scale: high - outstanding – unique. General value scale: absence - mediocre - high - outstanding - unique; (F) - Utilitarian and technical value. Utilitarian and technical values are treated as modifying assessments in an individual situation and are of importance in the case of the conservation policy but not for a fundamental assessment of historical value.
3

STUDY OF FOUNDATIONS IN UKRAINE FROM THE ELEVENTH TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES AND THEIR PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION METHODS: EXPERIENCES

88%
Orlenko M., Ivashko Y., Kobylarczyk J., Kuśnierz-Krupa D.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2022
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vol. 10
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issue 1
33 – 51
EN
This paper is a report on experience collected during archaeological studies of structures in the territory of Ukraine. It discusses the archaeological study of architectural monuments over the period of the operation of the Ukrrestavratsiia Corporation and presents the observation that most known varieties of masonry systems, featuring different combinations of materials and mortars, were observed in findings dated to the period of the Kyivan Rus, and that the list of foundation schemes present was limited to a few types. It was also found that of the schemes observed, the Old Russian scheme displayed an evolution. The study also highlights the significance of the role of foundation musealisation in the restoration and reconstruction of damaged architectural monuments.
4

MONUMENTS OF NEO-GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN LATVIA IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT (Neogotikas arhitekturas pieminekli Latvija Rietumeiropas buvmakslas konteksta)

88%
Zilgalvis J.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2000
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vol. 1
37-50
EN
The spread of Neo-Gothic architecture in Latvia was facilitated by processes that were occurring in the arts in Western Europe, and it remained significant from the mid-18th until the 20th century. Interest in Medieval architecture and art was first demonstrated in Great Britain, so the Gothic revival in that country has been chosen as the context for an analysis of the most distinguished Neo-Gothic monuments in Latvia. The description of some specific objects in Latgale includes a brief look at this area of the construction art in Poland. The earliest surviving applications of Neo-Gothic elements in Latvian architecture date back to the first quarter of the 19th century (the Mazstraupe castle, the Kalsnava and Pure churches, etc.). Small Neo-Gothic constructions were found in parks of baronial estates (the viewing tower of the Medze estate, the chapel of the Svitene estate, etc.). In the second half of the 19th century, Neo-Gothicism was already popular throughout Latvia, and stylistically unified buildings and ensembles of buildings appeared (a reconstruction of the Medieval Edole castle, and the earliest example of Tudor Neo-Gothicism - the castle of the Vecauce estate). Until the mid-19th century, Neo-Gothic architecture in Latvia was found largely in the castles of baronial estates (the castle of the Odziena estate, the Aluksne estate), but beginning with the third quarter of the 19th century, there was a boom in the construction of Neo-Gothic churches (Old St. Gertrude's Church in Riga, St. Trinity Church in the Sarkandaugava neighborhood of Riga, St. Paul's Church in Riga, etc.). New St. Gertrude's Church in Riga and the Garsene church in Augszeme (Courland) were designed similarly to the asymmetrical composition of the Daugavpils Lutheran church - a building that is an early and innovative example from the broader perspective - e.g., when we compare it to churches in Northeastern Poland. One of the most distinguished Neo-Gothic churches not only in Latvia but in the entire Baltic region is the Liksna church - a modern building that was designed with various Gothic elements in it.
5

THE DESTINY OF RESEARCH INTO THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE OF LATGALE (Latgales arhitekturas vestures petniecibas likteni)

88%
Kaminska R.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2001
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vol. 2
69-79
EN
If we analyze the accomplishments of Latvia's art specialists thus far, we see that one of the most important areas of work has been research into the history of architecture in various parts of the country. Traditions of researching the architecture of Latgale have developed in several phases. Thus, for example, authors working in the region in the first half of the 20th century developed themes which appeared in the work of professional art and architecture historians in the late 19th and early 20th century (among them Wilhelm Neumann) - a look at important churches and Medieval castles in Latgale in the context of the Baltic region. Monuments in Latgale were also reviewed in the context of Latvia's entire artistic heritage (Boris Vipper). Arturs Krumins, for his part, produced a monograph on the 18th century architecture in Latgale, Most of the attention during this period was devoted to older architectural monuments, and the idea that Latgale's architecture is unique in some way was associated at that time with the concept of 'Lettigalian Baroque'. In the latter half of the 20th century, too, Latgale has most often been considered in the context of Latvian architecture as whole. The range of historical periods, comprising specific phenomena under investigation, however, expanded. Architecture from the 18th to the 20th century has been studied extensively (Dainis Brugis, Janis Zilgalvis, Ieva Lancmane, Janis Krastins, etc.). Monuments from Latgale have increasingly been appearing in encyclopedic or summarizing publications devoted to the broader Northeastern European region Jurijs Vasiljevs, etc.). Polish researchers have particularly been interested in Latgale. This has been seen in attributions (Kazimierz Glowacki, Stanislaw Lorentz), in searches for stylistic expressions in certain eras (Zbigniew Homung), and in the context of studying philanthropic work and the activities of spiritual orders (Andrzej Baranovski, Jerzy Paszenda, et al.).
6

JURIS VASILJEVS AND RIGA: SUBJECTIVELY SELECTED SKETCHES (Juris Vasiljevs un Riga: subjektivi atlasitas skices)

75%
Dekante H.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2004
|
vol. 4
151-162
EN
The architect and architecture historian Juris Vasiljevs (1928-1993) stands out as one of the most prominent explorers and champions of Riga architectural heritage what was the key subject of his enthusiastic research and teaching practice. Vasiljevs' daughter, architect Helena Dekante reiterates her father's creative biography from his first arrival in Riga at the age of 16 in 1944 to his last articles in the early 1990s. Illustrated by extensive quotations from Vasiljevs' Riga-related publications and the author's own memory episodes, these 'subjectively selected sketches' vividly recreate the life-long relationship of the scholar to his city as a story of particular love, professional concern and devotion. Living in Old Riga, Juris could not accept the violent post-war deconstruction of the damaged buildings, and at his graduation from the Faculty of Architecture of the Latvian University in 1951, he dared to plan the destroyed steeple of the St. Peter's Church as reconstructed in his graduation project of the Republican Library. The dissertation on Neoclassicism in Riga architecture of the late 18th and early 19th centuries (1955) was followed by a comprehensive monograph on the same subject (1961, in Russian) that remains the basic treatise about this period in the architecture of Latvia. The work on the guide 'Riga. Architectural Monuments' (1971, in Russian) was an opportunity to pay particular attention to Old Riga, 'the unique, magnificent pearl of the Baltics', as he praised it in the introduction. Vasiljevs co-authored the album 'The Dom Cathedral Architectural Ensemble in Riga' (Leningrad, 1981, German, Spanish, French and English editions) and contributed to several dictionaries. In the 1980s his special concern was the Latvian section of the reference guide to Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the series 'Artistic Heritage of the USSR' (1986, In Russian). Vasiljevs' last studies showed a growing scholarly interest in figural reliefs as meaningful memorial marks in the transition period from the late medieval Riga to that of the modem times.
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