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EN
This article discusses ways of constructing the 19th century Polish journal obituary through a selection of obituaries of Kornel Ujejski from the years 1897-1898. One of the most important aspects of this analysis is the relationship between the conventional and the particular in the sections of these obituaries which consider the reception of Ujejski’s works. The author also considers the problem of the connections between the socially determined poetics of the obituary, the history of literature and literary criticism, which acquires particular importance in the context of obituaries of writers and also in the spe-cific form of 19th century obituary known as “literary obituary”. This paper shows how the obituary is a particularly useful genre in the research of literary reception.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza stylu poetyckiego liryki Adama Asnyka, opis podstaw ideowo-estetycznych jego metody twórczej, a także określenie miejsca i roli tego wybitnego przedstawiciela literatury polskiej w nawiązaniu do białoruskiego paradygmatu kulturowo-historycznego. Na podstawie wybranych utworów literackich autor wskazuje interpretacje artystyczne Asnyka szeregu zagadnień, które niepokoiły zarówno jego samego, jak i społeczeństwo polskie w dobie postromantyzmu. Należy zauważyć, że A. Asnyk pochodził z tzw. „ruskiej” Polski, tj. regionów, które w wyniku zaborów Rzeczypospolitej wraz z Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim (ziemie białoruskie) weszły w skład Imperium Rosyjskiego. Fakt ten był nie tylko jednym z głównych czynników, które wpłynęły na kształtowanie się świadomości twórczej samego A. Asnyka, ale także kluczem do wyjaśnienia, jak i dlaczego wiersze poety wywarły wpływ na białoruskich pisarzy – Janka Łuczynę, Janka Kupałę, Zośkę Wieras, Janka Bryla. Ponadto znaczące zainteresowanie Białorusinów polskim autorem można objaśnić wspólnymi polsko-białoruskimi wartościami i tradycjami kulturowo-historycznymi, a także nawiązaniem do przedstawicieli poprzedniej epoki (Adama Mickiewicza, Juliusza Słowackiego, Andrzeja Towiańskiego) przy jednoczesnym odrzuceniu niektórych zasad estetycznych epoki romantyzmu.
BE
Мэтай артыкула з’яўляецца вывучэнне мастацкіх асаблівасцей лірыкі Адама Асныка, аналіз ідэйна-эстэтычных асноў яго творчага метаду і паэтычнага стылю, а таксама навуковае асэнсаванне месца і ролі гэтага яркага прадстаўніка польскай літаратуры ўнутры беларускай культурна-гістарычнай парадыгмы. Для рэалізацыі дадзенай мэты на прыкладзе асобных вершаў былі паказаны спосабы мастацкай інтэрпрэтацыі паэтам шэрагу пытанняў, якія хвалявалі і яго самога, і польскае грамадства ў эпоху пострамантызму. Варта заўважыць, што А. Аснык з’яўляўся выхадцам з так званай „рускай” Польшчы – тых рэгіёнаў, якія пасля падзелу Рэчы Паспалітай разам з землямі Вялікага Княства Літоўскага (беларускімі землямі) увайшлі ў склад Расійскай імперыі. Гэты факт становіцца не толькі адным з галоўных фактараў, якія паўплывалі на асаблівасць фармавання творчай свядомасці самога А. Асныка, але і ключом да тлумачэння, як і чаму яго паэзія знаходзіла водгук у беларускіх літаратараў – Янкі Лучыны, Янкі Купалы, Зоські Верас, Янкі Брыля. Таксама непадробная цікавасць беларусаў да польскага аўтара тлумачыцца агульнымі культурна-гістарычнымі каштоўнасцямі і традыцыямі, аналагічнай арыентацыяй на прадстаўнікоў папярэдняй эпохі (Адама Міцкевіча, Юльюша Славацкага, Анджэя Тавяньскага) з адначасовым непрыманнем некаторых прынцыпаў рамантычнага мастацтва.
EN
The purpose of the article is to study the artistic features of the lyrics of Adam Asnyk, analyse the ideological and aesthetic foundations of his creative method and poetic style, as well as scientific understanding of the place and role of this outstanding representative of Polish literature within the Belarusian cultural and historical paradigm. To achieve this goal, on the example of individual poems, the methods of artistic interpretation by the poet of a number of issues that worried both him and Polish society in the era of post-romanticism were shown. It should be noted that A. Asnyk was a native of the so-called „Russian” Poland – those regions that, after the partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, together with the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Belarusian lands), became part of the Russian Empire. This fact becomes not only one of the main factors that influenced the formation of the creative consciousness of A. Asnyk himself, but also the key to explaining how and why his poetry found a response from Belarusian writers – Yanka Luchina, Yanka Kupala, Zoska Veras, Yanka Bryl. Also, the genuine interest of Belarusians in the Polish author is explained by common cultural and historical values and traditions, a similar orientation towards representatives of the previous era (Adam Mitskevich, Juliush Slovatsky, Andrzej Toviansky) with simultaneous rejection of some principles of romantic art.
DE
Der Artikel enthält das Abstract ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
In my article I interpret the short story “Among the Forest” by Adam Asnyk. I discuss the issue of the relationship between auditory perception and melancholic experiences. To this end, while analyzing the text, I refer to concepts regarding the nature of melancholia and adopt the methodological apparatus of sound studies. As it turns out, the listener's attitude is crucial for overcoming melancholia. According to the poet, attentive listening to the surroundings and the words of other people allows to reach the meaning of life inscribed in nature and as a consequence may help find a cure for melancholia.
FR
L'article contient uniquement le résumé en anglais.
PL
Artykuł głównie jest poświęcony trzem fragmentom dramatycznym Adama Asnyka, zachowane w rękopisie na trzech oddzielnych stronicach wykazującym pewne pokrewieństwo z dwoma ukończonymi dramatami tegoż autora. Pierwszy zachowany fragment pochodzi z jakiejś wczesnej redakcji „Gałązki heliotropu”, która – zanim została jednoaktówką romantyczną porównywaną z kreacjami Alfreda de Musseta, Jules’a Janina czy Aleksandra Fredry – najwyraźniej była planowana jako pełnospektaklowa sztuka. Forma wierszowana wiązała ją z tradycją komedii romantycznej, ale treść przesuwała w stronę nowoczesnego dramatu realistycznego. Dwa pozostałe fragmenty – wyglądające na dwie raczej odległe od siebie sceny jednego dramatu pisanego prozą – zdradzają w swoich postaciach i konfliktach pewne podobieństwo do dramatu „Żyd”, którego poetyka sytuuje się gdzieś między naturalizmem Émile’a Zoli a analityczną techniką dramaturgii Henrika Ibsena. Wygląda na to, że zamysł dramatu ewoluował od postromantyczno-biedermeierowskiego obrazka ukazującego proces deklasacji arystokraty, z dodatkiem historii miłosnej, w kierunku malowidła przedstawiającego upadek moralności w świecie brutalnego kapitalizmu.
EN
The main foci of interest in the paper are three Adam Asnyk’s dramatic fragments preserved as handwriting on three separate pages and revealing some affinity to his two completed dramas. The first fragment derives from some early editing of „Gałązka heliotropu” („Heliotrope Brunch”) which, before it began one-act romantic play compared to Alfred de Musset’s, Jules Janin’s, or Aleksander Fredro’s creations, most probably was planned as a full several-act play. The verse form links it with the tradition of romantic comedy, while its content moves it towards the modern realistic drama. The two remaining fragments, of which both seem to be remote scenes of the same prose drama, reveal in their figures and conflicts some resemblance to the drama „Żyd” („Jew”) the poetics of which situates somewhere between Émile Zola’s naturalism and Henrik Ibsen’s analytic technique of drama. It can be argued that the idea of the drama developed from post-Romantic and Biedermeier picture showing the process of an aristocrat’s degradation with an addition of a love story moving to a painting that presents the fall of morality in the world of brutal capitalism.
RU
Автор статьи рассматривает стихотворение «последнего польского романтика» Адама Асныка в переводе Ивана Бунина на русский язык. В ходе рассуждений учитываются тра- диции перевода, польское и русское социокультурное пространство, а также подход Бунина к переводу. В итоге автор приходит к выводу, что литературная традиция «романтическо- го перевода» и связь русского поэта с пушкинской традицией способствовали нарушению семантических полей подлинника, одновременно способствуя расширению семантического пространства перевода.
EN
The author analyzes a poem of ‘the last Polish Romantic’ Adam Asnyk in the Russian translation by Ivan Bunin. Aspects taken into consideration include the traditions of translation, Polish and Russian sociocultural spaces, as well as Bunin’s approach to translation. The author concludes that the literary tradition of ‘Romantic translation’ and the connection of the Russian poet with Pushkin’s tradition were factors leading to the disturbance of semantic fields of the original, at the same time contributing to the expansion of the semantic space of the translation.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest próba odtworzenia drogi, jaką przebył Ksawery Liske, jeden z najbardziej zasłużonych historyków polskich drugiej połowy XIX w., nim trafił do Lwowa – docelowego miejsca swej działalności naukowej. Posiłkując się korespondencją uczonego, mamy możliwość zapoznania się z realiami politycznymi, ekonomicznymi, społecznymi przełomu lat 60. i 70. XIX w., które warunkowały rozwój nauki polskiej. Przy tej okazji poznajemy osoby ze świata nauki, literatury i polityki, dzięki którym Ksawery Liske dostał szansę pracy naukowej i dydaktycznej m.in. na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim i w Archiwum Bernardyńskim we Lwowie.
EN
The study attempts to recreate the path of Ksawery Liske, one of the most recognised Polish historians of the second half of the 19th century, leading him to Lviv, the final destination of his scientific activity. Thanks to the scholar’s correspondence, it is possible to become familiar with the political, economic and social reality at the turn of the 1860s and 1870s, which conditioned the development of Polish science. In the process, the study presents figures from the world of science, literature and politics, thanks to whom Ksawery Liske received the opportunity to work as a scientist and a didactician, e.g. at the Lviv University and in the Bernardine Archive in Lviv.
EN
This text provides an interpretation of three poems, written by nineteenth century poets, that share a common theme of Autumn, with a particular attention given to the motif of a withered leaf. The author is interested how the poems in question match the elegiac convention of autumn lyric poetry and, at the same time, how each in its own way tries to overcome this convention. In Odpowiedź na list written by Stefan Garczyński, the acceptance of passing is concurrently met with defiance, expressed in a language of paradoxical metaphor. Teofil Lenartowicz in his Liście zwiędłe breaches the formal elegiac tone with the application of underlying vitalistic overtones included in the poem. Adam Asnyk’s Zwiędły listek, through a superposition of metonymies, achieves the effect of multilayered mediation and erasure of the trace of experience. The reading and understanding of the three poems, composed in Romanticism and post-Romanticism periods, make it possible to observe, fragmentarily of course, the multiplicity of different poetic attitudes that accompany the process of re-enchantment of the world.
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