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Adama Kazanowskiego, marszałka nadwornego koronnego, lata szkolne i peregrynacje

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Broniarczyk M.

Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty

2017

vol. 54

11–26

Adam Kazanowski was a close friend and a favorite of King Władysław IV Vasa. Thanks to close ties with the monarch, he made a great political and financial career. This article discusses the educational aspects of the biography of the marshal of the court. On the basis of known sources and available literature on the subject, it is impossible to establish the school that Kazanowski attended. Until now, it seemed that at least his studies in Padua should not be questioned. However, the analysis of his correspondence shows that at the time when his name was recorded in the Paduan sources, he was in Warsaw, since he was sending letters to Krzysztof Radziwiłł from there. Further identification problems are caused by the fact that at about the same time there were four members of the family bearing that very name. While the marshal’s education history remains a mystery, on the basis of his later activity, however, it can be said that he had a good command of foreign languages, was well-versed in history and politics, and accumulated a certain amount of general humanistic knowledge, but still, he did not belong to the intellectual elite. In his case, the journey through Western Europe he made as a retainer of Prince Władysław Vasa from 1624 to 1625 certainly had an important educational impact.

The Institution of Council of the Senate in the Political System of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Rule of Ladislaus IV Vasa (1632–48)

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Goszczyński A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

2021

vol. 122

181-207

Established under the Henrician Articles of 1573, the institution of Council of the Senate was supposed to be a standing advisory body to the rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over the first few decades of its existence, the monarchs did not respect the obligation to appoint resident senators as the Council’s members. This changed only in 1607, as a result of a conflict between the king and the estates and the Rebellion of Sandomierz – the events that mobilised the nobility to enforce the monarch to observe the law in this respect. Since the beginning of his reign, Ladislaus IV Vasa fairly readily convened meetings of the Council, at which its members expressed their opinions on the current problems. The deliberations were usually about the state’s foreign policy, the functioning and internal security of the state, the affairs of war and peace, the military and the treasury, the king’s or the royal family’s private affairs, the Commonwealth’s feoffs, and matters related to private affairs of members of the power elite. Resulting from the monarch’s actions that did not win popularity in the nobility-dominated society, the Chamber of Deputies started with time perceive the Council as an institution detrimental to the state’s interest. The Chamber consequently extort from the king and the senators the duty to read out the reports on the senatus consilia at the diet (sejm) forum. Consequently, the upper chamber’s position was weakened and the Council of the Senate politicised – a process that directly affected Poland-Lithuania’s political system, vastly contributing to its degeneration.

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Adama Kazanowskiego, marszałka nadwornego koronnego, lata szkolne i peregrynacje

The Institution of Council of the Senate in the Political System of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Rule of Ladislaus IV Vasa (1632–48)