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Miłosierdzie jako synonim zbawienia w Koranie. Refleksje lingwistyczno-teologiczne

100%

Micherdziński M.

Analecta Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 44

EN

There is the idea of divine mercy in Quran. It is expressed by the words of Arabic vocabulary derivated from the triliteral verbal root رحم rḥm. The fundamental means of expressing the mystery of divine mercy is the ritual formula it`s name Basmalah بسْمِ لِله ا ﺮﻟَّحْﻤَانِِ ا ﺮﻟَّحِﻴمِ bi-smi l-Lāhi r-Raḥmāni r-raḥími – „In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful”. ʼAr-Raḥmānu ( أ ﺮﻟَّحْﻤٰﻦُ ) and ʼAr-Raḥímu ( ا ﺮﻟَّحِﻴمِ ) are two names derived from ʼAr-Raḥmatu ( رَحْﻤَﺔ ) – „the mercy”, but more meanings that pertain to mercy than ʼAr-Raḥímu. This formula means the belonging to a community of Islam believers. Another formula is إنَّ لُله غَ ﻮﻔرٌ رَحِﻴمٌ ʼinna l-Lāhu ġafūrun raḥīmun – „Verily, Allāh his Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful!” (S. V, 34. 39; IX, 9. 99. 102; XLIX, 14; LXXIII, 28) and its modifications. It`s used to confirm the credibility of the truths of faith and the moral norms divinely revealed. The divine revelation in Quran and its realisation in earthly life is signified with the followings pairs of derivatives of root رحم rḥm: هُﺪَﻯ ﻭرَحْﻤَﺔ )ﻭ ) (wa)-hudà wa-raḥmatun – „(and) a guidance and a mercy” (S. VI, 157; VII, 52; XVI, 64; XXVII, 76–77; XXXI, 2– إﻣَاﻡٌ ﻭرَحْﻤَﺔ ,( 3 ʼimāmun wa-raḥmatun – „a guide and a mercy” (S. XLVI, شِﻔاءٌ ﻭرَحْﻤَﺔ , 12 šifāʼun wa-raḥmatun – „a cure and a mercy” (S. XVII, ﻣَغْﻔِﺮَﺓ ﻣِﻦَ لِله ﻭرَحْﻤَﺔ ,( 82 maġfiratun mina l-Lāhi wa-raḥmatun – „forgiveness and mercy from Allāh” (S. III, فضْلُ الِله ﻭرَحْﻤَتُﻪُ ,( 157 faḏlu l-Lāhi wa-raḥmatuhu – „the grace and mercy of Allāh” (S. IV, صَ ﻮﻠَاﺕٌ ﻣِﻦْ رَبِّﻬمْ ﻭرَحْ ﺔﻤ ,( 83 ṣalawātun min rabbihim wa-raḥmatun – „who are blessed from their Lord and receive His mercy” (S. II, 157). Allāh, the Most Merciful, is absolutely independent in giving salvation. It is signified with phrase ﻣَﻦْ ﻳَﺸَاءُ man yašāʼu – „whom He wills” (S. II, 105). Divine mercy is better ( خَﻴْﺮٌ ẖayrun) from all, what man has on earth. Therefore in Quran there are more prayers for divine mercy and to divine mercy. Complementary to words derivated from the root رحم rḥm are the derivatives from the root رأف rʼf. In spite of more similiarity to biblical science about divine mercy, the author of Quran created own divine mercy conception. He throws away all of trinitology, christology, soteriology and staurology.

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Czy jest możliwy dialog z islamem?

71%

Bortkiewicz P.

Civitas et Lex

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2016

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issue 3(11)

48 - 57

EN

Is there in the contemporary world a possibility of a dialogue with Islam? We have to look closer haw Muslims treat Christians and if Muslims want to have a dialogue with Christians.

3

Mahomet, w jakiego wierzą muzułamanie w świetle Siry Ibn 'IshaqA

70%

Węsierski-Tesen K.

Studia Pelplińskie

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2019

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vol. 53

517-532

EN

The Muslim religious doctrine is founded on the Quran as well as on so-called “Traditions of the Prophet” (Hadith) and Sirah, which is a biography of Muhammad. Sira (Arabic: ةريس), means as much as “he way out”, “the way of proce- eding”, “acting” or “way of life”. The author of the biography of the Prophet of Islam, Ibn Ishâq, refers to many texts in which it is foretold. They can be divided into two groups: i) revealed before his birth and ii) proclaimed during his lifetime. These writings have one purpose, namely to show that Mohammed is the true messenger of Allah. A similar goal is the narrative about the Prophet’s calling. At times it bears a resemblance to the narrative describing the vocation of Moses or Jeremiah. Following the Quran, Ibn ‘Ishâq shows Mohammed as “the seal of the prophets” that conclude the entire process of Allah’s revelation. The author of Sirah meant to present the image of Muhammad as one who is not only the most important prophet but also the most wonderful of all the people. Therefore, he assigns to him all the necessary qualities. Hence, the Prophet is a man of impeccable morality, a political and religious leader of the community sometimes called a king and a descendant of Adam and Abraham who brings forth the will of Allah and warns against the punishment for the infidels. He was shown as a model for Muslims and for this reason his life may be a norm not only for a particular follower of Allah but also a source of the moral and legal values of the Muslim community.

PL

Świat muzułmański opiera swoją doktrynę nie tylko na Koranie, ale także na tzw. Tradycji Proroka (Hadith) oraz na biografii Mahometa zwanej Sirą. Sira (arab.: ةريس), znaczy: „droga wyjścia”, „sposób postępowania”, „postępowanie”, „sposób życia”. Ibn ’Ishâq, autor Siry przywołuje wiele tekstów zapowiadających Mahometa, które można podzielić na 2 grupy: 1) wypowiedziane przed jego narodzinami; 2) proklamowane za jego życia. Mają one na celu: wykazać, że Mahomet jest wysłannikiem Allaha, a jednocześnie zbudować jego obraz jako człowieka o nieskazitelnej moralności. Prorok Islamu w Sirze został przedstawiony jako wzór dla muzułmanów, a jego życie może być normą nie tylko dla konkretnego wyznawcy Allaha, ale również dla przepisów moralnych i prawnych społeczności muzułmańskiej.

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Muzułmańskie przedstawienie Zwiastowania Marii i narodzenia Jezusa według Orędzia mekkańskiego (sura 19, 16-34)

61%

Maszkowski R.

Roczniki Teologii Fundamentalnej i Religiologii

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2012

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vol. 4

205-226

EN

The article presents the Quranic visions of the Annunciation to Mary and the birth of Jesus Christ according to sura nineteen. Their presence in the Quran and the quoted details mean that Muhammad knew the Christian contents in the beginnings of his activity and that they had an important meaning for his prognostication. Both scenes, composed together, were a kind of communication with the believers of Christianity in order to come closer and attract potential believers. This text includes lots of details and all characters shown. It gives the dialogue’s content, which took place between them. The message of Mary and Jesus proclaims their exceptionality, the distinction by God and endowment of many graces and privileges, which don’t have their precedent. On the other side it denies to the essential Christian truth about the incarnation of the Son of God, because it presents Jesus as a miraculously created human. His father isn’t Allah, or “Spirit- messenger”, or any other man. Jesus can boast only a mother, but a pure mother, innocent and perfect handmaid of God whose life was marked by great suffering, worn in some ways for her son, but also “for” and “because” of Israel. The award for her faith and obedience was the exceptional son, God’s servant and a prophet, who had a book and who, from the beginning of his life, was showing goodness for his mother, just like Allah wanted. Sura nineteen of Mecca includes many important terms and theological titles of Jesus which also Mary participates in. They emphasize their dignity, vocation and endowment. The Muslim identity of these two special characters show lots of similarities, but also significant differences from the message of the Gospel proclaimed by Christians.

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Jedność wielości

57%

Wnuk-Lisowska E.

Studia Religiologica

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2012

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vol. 45

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issue 2

147–163

EN

Philosophical discourse in Islam revolves around God, and God’s manifestation in the world. This article attempts to describe the philosophical concept, and especially the Sufi concept, of God. For Muslim philosophers the question “how does unity give rise to multiplicity?” had a crucial meaning. In Islam God is One, and everything else is two or more. The Oneness of being remains inaccessible to people. However, Sufis tried to give an answer to the question “What is Reality? What is the ‘face of God’, and what does this notion really mean?” And also “what veils separate Him from His creation?” Sufis tried to find the answer to all these questions not in the calm of a library but in deep religious experience. Because God in His mercy revealed the Laws in order that people would be able to make choices which lead directly to their felicity in the next stage of their experience. This was a difficult and dangerous process, and it required from neophytes a love of God. In their searches, the Sufis try to answer the question of what one sees when one throws off the inhibiting shackles of the mind and senses, what does one feel when one crosses the border of the phenomenal world? What kind of world does one observe when one wakes up from a dream which is life? What does one see in the state of illumination?

6

Jezus – prorok czy Bóg? Bóg czy człowiek?

57%

Sakowicz E.

Nurt SVD

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2013

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issue Wydanie specjalne 2013

63-76

PL

Niniejszy artykuł nie jest jedynie akademicką odpowiedzią na postawione w tytule pytanie. To przede wszystkim opis Boga, Jezusa, także Matki Bożej, w kontekście islamu i przez pryzmat nauki Koranu. Autor zaczyna od etymologii słowa Allah, którym Boga określają nie tylko muzułmanie. Następnie przechodzi do kwestii prawdy o jednym i jedynym Bogu, która jest punktem wyjścia wszystkich podejmowanych w ciągu wieków wypowiedzi muzułmanów na temat przymiotów Boga, w tym przede wszystkim jego wszechmocy. Również los człowieka oraz opis i analiza jego wolnej woli ma swoje ostatecznie źródła w prawdzie o Bogu. Autor dotyka też problemu grzechu – sirk, którego istota polega na przekonaniu, że oprócz Boga prawdziwego istnieją inne bóstwa. Następnie pisze o postaci Jezusa w tradycji muzułmańskiej, która postrzega Go jako posłańca Allaha, natomiast nigdy nie określa tytułami przyjętymi przez chrześcijaństwo, w tym najbardziej powszechnym – Jezus Chrystus. Koran odmawia Jezusowi tytułu Syna Bożego, który oznaczałby podważenie i zakwestionowanie czystego monoteizmu, i postrzega w Jezusie Sługę Bożego, utrzymując ponadto, iż Jezus był muzułmaninem. Dużo uwagi poświęca autor wydarzeniu ukrzyżowania Jezusa i jego muzułmańskiej interpretacji, która zdaje się nie rozumieć Krzyża; wreszcie pisze o tradycji muzułmańskiej dotyczącej Jezusa w kontekście drugiej osoby Trójcy Świętej. Pisząc o Jezusie w interpretacji islamu autor wiele uwagi poświęca także Matce Bożej w muzułmańskiej tradycji.

EN

The present article is not only an academic answer to the question put in the title. It is most of all a description of God, Jesus, Mary Mother of God – all in the Islamic context and in terms of Qur’anic teachings. The author begins with the etymology of the word Allah, with which not only the Muslims call God. Then, the author proceeds to the issue of the truth about the one and only God – which is a starting point to all the Muslims’ statements through the centuries on God’s qualities, most of all including His omnipotence. Also the fate of human beings with the description and analysis of their free will has its ultimate origins in the truth about God. The present author also tackles upon the problem of a sin – sirk, the nature of which manifests itself in a conviction that there are other gods except for the one and only God. Next, the author writes about Jesus in the Muslim tradition which perceives Him as Allah’s Harold and never titles Him with the names so characteristic for Christianity, including the most common one: Jesus Christ. Qur’an denies Jesus’ title of God’s Son, which would discredit and question the pure monotheism, and sees Jesus as God’s Servant stating additionally that He was a Muslim. The present author pays much attention to the event of Jesus’ crucifixion and a Muslim interpretation to that which seem to not understand the Cross; finally, he writes about the Muslim tradition concerning Jesus as the second person in the Holy Trinity. While pondering upon the Islamic interpretation of Jesus – the present author also discusses the issue of Mary Mother of God in Muslim tradition.

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Wartość życia u podstaw islamskiej (bio)etyki

57%

Leźnicki M.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 3

51-70

EN

The aim of this article is to present the position of Islamic ethics and bioethics on the issue of the value of life. To better illustrate this topic the article is divided into two parts. In the first, the authors provide an overview of ethics, and relate it Islamic bioethics, including its sources and inspirations, while in the second, the authors examine the value of life as depicted from the perspective of Quranic ethics and Islamic bioethics of both the Shi’a and the Sunnis. Although the text has a propedeutic character it is important because it adds another theologico-philosophical layer to the complex bioethical discussion that lies at the heart of the current dispute about the value of human life.

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Miłosierdzie jako synonim zbawienia w Koranie. Refleksje lingwistyczno-teologiczne

Czy jest możliwy dialog z islamem?

Mahomet, w jakiego wierzą muzułamanie w świetle Siry Ibn 'IshaqA

Muzułmańskie przedstawienie Zwiastowania Marii i narodzenia Jezusa według Orędzia mekkańskiego (sura 19, 16-34)

Jedność wielości

Jezus – prorok czy Bóg? Bóg czy człowiek?

Wartość życia u podstaw islamskiej (bio)etyki