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1

Szkolenie archeologów z PP PKZ w zakresie ewidencji stanowisk archeologicznych

100%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1983

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issue 1-2

144-145

2

DRUGIE SPOTKANIE KOLEGIUM DORADCZEGO DS. ARCHEOLOGII 21 sierpnia 2008 r.

88%

Grabowski M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 4

9

EN

The second meeting of the Archaeology Advisory College at the National Heritage Board of Poland, held on 21 August 2008, considered current problems of archaeological conservation. The first part discussed archaeological storehouses, presented exemplary solutions, and recognised the interest of self-government authorities to be a necessary condition for the establishment of new facilities. The second part of the meeting was devoted to cooperation between the National Heritage Board of Poland and the General Head Office of National Roads and Highways. The participants discussed problems associated with a rapid increase in the number of planned road investments, which leads to the growth of salvage-oriented archaeological studies.

3

Udział społeczeństwa w ochronie zabytków archeologicznych na Dolnym Śląsku

75%

Kaletyn T.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1983

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issue 1-2

125-127

EN

When considering various aspects of today’s protection of historic resources and the need for broader participation of the society in the monuments renewal, one should take into account the participation of the society in the protection of archaeological monuments. It is supposed that over 15 million of archaeological sites have been preserved in Poland. Due to their specificity the majority of them is regularly destroyed, and the fact of their existence does not always get the social consciousness. A contemporary progress of the economy leads unfortunately to deformation and devastation of the landscape, menacing thus archaeological sites. In order to learn of historic resources archaeological sites are recorded within the framework of the so-called Archaeological Picture of Poland. The first stage of recording will last about 25 years. Many an archaeological site will be revealed only during ground works. The results of conservation recording, like the decisions made on approved forms of the use of the sites are not well-known to the society. Taking into account a criterion of the threat and representativeness only a small group of monuments is covered every year with rescue studies. In the majority of oases these are intervention works on the sites where investment projects are being put; the investors rightly emphasize inaccuracy of the law which puts them under the obligation to finance archaeological research. Private owners of fields also call for reduced taxes on historic sites which according to the decision of conservators are not to be brought into cultivation. Assuming that instead of pointing out shortcomings, difficulties or ignorance and indifference of some professions towards monuments and problems associated with them the society’s awareness should be affected in a realistic and optimistic way. Wroclaw’s Archaeological and Conservation Centre has worked out a programme for the protection of archaeological monuments on the territory of Jelenia Gora, Wałbrzych and Wrocław districts. An overwhelming majority of archaeological overground monuments set their roots in the natural environment, representing thus both valuable and picturesque monuments of history and culture. Monuments protection is closely connected with natural protection; this interdependence facilitates to preserve cultural substance in the environment. A large number of archaeological sites in the Lower Silesia has survived in the farming and forest landscape where the interference of civilization did not unsettle natural environment to any serious extent. Until now nearly 80 per cent of old settlements and grave-mound cemeteries have turned into ’’permanent ruins”. By December 31, 1981 over 350 monuments were marked with stone tables. Conservation protection covers both monuments that are in the vicinity of large agglomerations and those situated far from settlements. The sites situated in the zone of extensive touristic traffic (such as the Slęża Massif, which was the place of early Slavic cult and settlements and of early Polish tribes) were developed first. Later on, the author lists a number of examples illustrating good management of archaeological monuments in the Lower Silesia. Concluding, the present programme of the protection of monuments of the past for future generations may be realized only in a close cooperation with the society through a regular stimulation and use of sooial initiatives. The above mentioned forms of work and effects obtained were possible thanks to a close cooperation and assistance received by the District Archaeological and Conservation Centre from monuments conservators in the region of Jelenia Gora, Wałbrzych and Wrocław.

4

Od Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków do Narodowego Instytutu Dziedzictwa. Rewolucyjna zmiana czy procesowa kontynuacja zadań z zakresu archeologii?

75%

Grabowski M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2012

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issue 1-2

73-80

EN

The beginning of archaeology activities in the Centre for Documentation of Monuments are identical with the beginning of one of the most important conservation programmes in the history of Polish archaeology, founded in the late 1970s – the Archaeological Photo of Poland Programme. Due to the significance of the Archaeological Photo of Poland (AZP) programme, it was included within the “Monuments of Culture – the Source of the Nation’s Awareness” programme, thus ensuring its central financing. During this time, the post for archaeological matters, later developed into the Archaeology Department was founded at the CDM in Warsaw. The Archaeological Conservation Studies at the CDM founded in 1987 was the first attempt at training archaeological conservation service staff. Until the 1990s the Archaeological Department of the CDM performed tasks related to the collection, opinion making, and archiving of documentation from Archaeological Photo of Poland (AZP) research and the collection, analysis and archiving of decisions on the entry of archaeological stations into the register, as well as computerisation. On 14 October 2002, the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape was merged with the Centre for Documentation of Monuments into the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments (NCRDM). The Office of Research Documentation on Warsaw and Mazovia which was comprised of the Archaeological Research Workshop was founded within the institution, and next, on 24 February 2004, it was extended by the independent Interdisciplinary Research Workshop. During this time, the NCRDM kept a central record of archaeological monuments. After 2004, the National Record, in the archaeological part, was sent to the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage. The institution was also founded in 2002, as the legal successor of the Centre for Rescue Archaeological Research (CRAR), created in 1995 after the ratification of the Malta Convention. It dealt with the protection and documentation of endangered cultural property, located on the territory of expressway and highway construction investments. On 1 October 2004, the Minister of Culture entrusts the CPAH with keeping of the national record of monuments in the part regarding the archaeological monuments. The merging of the CPAH and NCRDM took place on 1 January 2007. The newly founded institution was called the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments (NCRDM), the Archaeology Department exists in its structure. On 15 February 2008, the organisational regulations were approved and the position of Deputy Director of Archaeology was terminated. The Archaeology Rescue Workshop, a part of the large Monument Protection Strategy Department, was also founded. The present organisational division of the National Heritage Board results from Regulation no. 16 of 6 August 2010. Subsequently, the Archaeological Department was founded in the structure of the Institution to carry out tasks in the area of collecting and disseminating knowledge on heritage, indication and dissemination of standards on the protection and conservation of monuments as well as shaping social awareness in the scope of values and the maintenance of cultural heritage. From 2009, the National Heritage Board has conducted a verification of the record of archaeological monuments. Information obtained during the verification is included in the national, geo-spatial database on monuments created by the National Heritage Board. Tasks in the scope of archaeology activities carried out in the National Heritage Board are a continuation of the actions started by the archaeologists at the CDM.

5

Problemy archeologicznych badań ratowniczych na terenach wielkiej inwestycji

75%

Mazurowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1978

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issue 4

235-240

EN

The article presents the most important methodical problems involved in archaeological rescue studies carried out within a short time on large sites grouping numerous posts. Because o f its spatial scope, the research work is very close to studies o f a settlement character. In view o f a necessity to reduce study aims as well as to simplify a detailed method, this fact determines a mode of modifying a programme o f studies. The programme envisages three stages o f work : — a) surface reconaissance investigations aimed at displaying all posts and compiling information necessary to reconstruct a settlement network at different chronological levels, b) sounding examinations linked with some methods o f preliminary cataloguing at selected posts, c) excavation investigations at posts constituting a subject of final selection. A selection o f posts between individual stages o f studies is made on the basis o f the following criterions o f endangering: central posts (the criterion applies to selected settlement complexes), main problem (the criterion applies to chronological levels), unusualness, a degree o f devastation, multi-culture and a criterion of representative selection modifying a final pool in accordance with the actual structure o f a settlement network, through a selection o f some posts put earlier aside from further studies because o f the remaining selective criterions. Recommendations on excavation research works can be summed up as follows: a) large, multi-ared spatial excavations should be promoted, b) excavations should be carried out on sites of the concentration o f central phenomena at such a stage o f post’s settling to which a criterion o f central posts or o f the main problem could be applied in favour o f undertaking excavations studies. Central phenomena o f other stages o f settling as well as boundary phenomena should, if possible, be included when locating the excavation, c) after removing a top layer (as a rule, by means o f big mechanical equipment), uncovering and cleaning a ground’s roof, all revealed objects should stay under examination until establishing their function and chronology, d) objects with the same function, referring to a single stage o f settlement form types within which it is possible to employ a far- going selection. A further examination o f selected objects is carried out until finding out their construction and a mode o f use, e) certain conclusions drawn from systematic investigations within the excavation site may be generalized to cover a broader area o f the post following a secondary interpretation of the findings o f cataloguing investigations.

6

Ewidencja zabytków - metody i zakres prac Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

63%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

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issue 4

216-224

EN

An essential element of the system of monuments’ protection is knowledge on their resources and condition. This information can be found in records of monuments. Within 25 years of its existence the Monuments' Documentation Centre has produced and developed model systems for monuments’ registering. Record cards of individual kinds of monuments are interlinked; they are of the same size and have the same columns. Moreover, they are adapted for the use in a computerized information system. . In its recording activities the Monument’ Documentation Centre follows the principle according to which recording of monuments must be regularly verified and updated. This, i.a., flows from the fact that criteria of the evaluation of monuments’ values get changed. Taking the above principle into consideration it may be said that the completeness of recording of different kinds of monuments varies. One of most comprehensive, although regularly updated, is the register of historic towns kept by Town Developing Department. It has been based on a preliminary recording of 1,264 localities carried out still in 1962-1963. The material from that period includes basic historic and demographic information as well as statistical registers of historic objects, characteristics of spatial a rrangements and illustrative material. These data were verified and updated in the seventies and eighties. The verification is continued. Town Developing Department collects also aerial photographs (black and white and colour ones) of towns, buildings and architectural complexes. This collection has become very useful in the work done by the team of experts of the Interbranch Commission for the Rehabilitation of Towns and Old- -Town Complexes. Another register carried out by the Monuments' Documentation Centre comprises structures and complexes of architecture and building. In a way it is made up of two parts: the so-called green cards produced during the recording done at the end of the fifties and the so-called white cards. Green cards cover ca 46,000 buildings. White ones, introduced in 1975, are more comprehensive when compared to green ones with regard to the descriptive information and photographic material. White cards (drawn by 1987) cover ca 30,000 objects. Along with the introduction of white cards work was initiated on a new register of monuments of architecture and building on index cards. This register provided abbreviated data on objects but it covered quite a big number of structures. Until 1987 nearly 260,000 index cards were prepared. The data written on them provided the basis for publications containing registers of monuments of architecture and building in individual voivodships. It also enables a statistical analysis of historic resources. In the last decade the Monuments’ Documentation Centre got engaged in the recording of archaeological properties. The programme for a complete register of archaeological sites available during surface studies (The Archaeological Picture of Poland) covers record cards, instructions, division into research sites, trainings, mode of financing and supervision of the studies made. It was developed in the Monuments’ Documentation Centre, which is its coordinator. By 1987 nearly half of Poland was examined and ca 136,000 archaeological sites were recorded. The register of movable property is a separate item. Department for Movable Monuments prepares ca 10,000 cards a year. It runs a central index of works of art and artistic crafts. Special attention is paid to those historic objects which are the subject of interest to a small number of specialists only and because of that the possibility to documentate them is rather small. This applies to goldsmithery, music instruments, textiles, vehicles et.c. The recording of movable property is combined with the making of dictionaries of specialized terminology, which are both a tool in recording work and an indispensable instrument for future computerization. An important place in recording activities of the Monuments' Documentation Centre is occupied by the compiling of information on museums. Museology Department compiles and updates an index of all museums in Poland. It also draws documentation on museum exhibits, microfilming of inventory books and scientific cards. The publishing of attainments of the Centre is the task of Publishing Department. It publishes 3 periodicals („Spotkania z Zabytkami” ,, „Ochrona Zabytkow", „Muzealnictwo” ), 3 series of „Biblioteka Muzealnictwa” and „Ochrona Zabytkow" as well as other publications (e.g. district registers of monuments). In implementing its tasks the Monuments' Documentation Centre cooperates with a number of organizations and scientific institutions such as the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Nicolas Copernicus University in Toruń, the Institute of Architecture and Engineering of the Technological University in Wrocław and others. This cooperation is very important for the work of the Centre. Summing up this brief outline of recording activities of the Centre it may be said that over 25 years of its existence it has been compiling records on historic structures, providing thus conservation service as well as people and institutions interested in the protection of monuments with information on the state and resources of cultural property in Poland.

7

Analiza rozmieszczenia osadnictwa średniowiecznego względem cieków z wykorzystaniem darmowego oprogramowania GIS na przykładzie północnego Mazowsza

51%

Zawadzka-Pawlewska U., Warszawski U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica

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2014

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issue 16

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie odległości stanowisk archeologicznych od cieków. Obszarem badań jest zlewnia rzeki Węgierki na północnym Mazowszu. Do badań wykorzystano dane z Archeologicznego Zdjęcia Polski. Analizy wykonano z użyciem darmowego oprogramowania GIS – Quantum GIS 1.7.3 oraz ILWIS 3.7. Dzięki badaniom udało się stwierdzić istnienie różnic w wyborze miejsc dogodnych do osadnictwa w przeszłości.

EN

Regional patterns of settlement are one of the most important subjects in archaeology. Analysis of such patterns were well spread in the research community before the GIS revolution. However, according to the usage of GIS tool in last two decades regional settlement analysis became more simple and less time-consuming. In following paper author presented one of such tools, which can be applied to the archaeological data. For the analysis, data from Polish National Record of Archaeological Sites (PNRAS) were used. The region was set on natural boundaries of river Węgierka catchment in Northern Mazovia region. Choice of the region was conditioned by relatively low human impact on riverbed. Data from PNRAS were digitized in QuantumGIS. Later sites were counted in equidistant zones from rivers in ILWIS 3.7. The result, after division by area of equidistant zone, were density maps of the region for three period: Early Medieval, Late Medieval and Post-medieval. Results shown changes in settlement pattern in three following periods of time. In direction from Early medieval to Post Medieval period the attractiveness of far-from-rivers regions grow. On the opposite the attractiveness of close-to-rivers part of studied area decreased in time. Probable causes of this changes were: technological development and changes in hydrology of these region.

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6 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica

2 Grabowski M.

1 Gromnicki J.

1 Kaletyn T.

1 Konopka M.

1 Mazurowski R.

1 Warszawski U.

1 Zawadzka-Pawlewska U.

1 2014

1 2012

1 2007

1 1988

2 1983

1 1978

Szkolenie archeologów z PP PKZ w zakresie ewidencji stanowisk archeologicznych

DRUGIE SPOTKANIE KOLEGIUM DORADCZEGO DS. ARCHEOLOGII 21 sierpnia 2008 r.

Udział społeczeństwa w ochronie zabytków archeologicznych na Dolnym Śląsku

Od Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków do Narodowego Instytutu Dziedzictwa. Rewolucyjna zmiana czy procesowa kontynuacja zadań z zakresu archeologii?

Problemy archeologicznych badań ratowniczych na terenach wielkiej inwestycji

Ewidencja zabytków - metody i zakres prac Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

Analiza rozmieszczenia osadnictwa średniowiecznego względem cieków z wykorzystaniem darmowego oprogramowania GIS na przykładzie północnego Mazowsza