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Rocznik Teologiczny
|
2016
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1
37-58
PL
Teologia ewangelikalna w pewnych obszarach nie pozostała monolitem. Jednym z dowodów takiego stanowiska jest istnienie dwóch wielkich tradycji w łonie ewangelikalizmu, a mianowicie: kalwinizmu i arminianizmu. Artykuł ten prezentuje ewangeliczny arminianizm by ukazać go jako alternatywną stronę ewangelikalnego protestantyzmu. Autor wychodzi od historyczno-teologicznej perspektywy, przedstawiając soteriologię Jakuba Arminiusza i jego naśladowców (tzw. remonstrantów) jako główne źródło współczesnej ewangelikalnej arminiańskiej myśli. Dalsza część zawiera ekspozycję poglądów arminiańskich teologów (F. Leroy Forlines, Robert E. Picirilli, Jack Cottrell, I. Howard Marschall, Roger E. Olson). Poczyniona analiza wskazuje, że reprezentanci tego nurtu wierzą w totalną deprawację ludzkiej natury; uniwersalne odkupienie Chrystusa oraz partykularną jego aplikację; konieczność Bożej łaski, która nie jest nieodparta w swej naturze, jak i w warunkową predestynację, realizującą się w zbawczej unii z Chrystusem. Autor ponadto włączył arminiańską egzegezę trzech biblijnych perykop, odnoszących się do działania łaski (J 6,37.39.44); odwiecznej predestynacji (Ef 1,3-14); i zasięgu powszechnej zbawczej woli Boga oraz odkupienia (1Tm 2,1-6).
EN
The evangelical theology is not monolith in some areas. One of the evidence for such statement is the existence of two great traditions in evangelical bosom, namely Calvinism and Arminianism. The article presents the evangelical Arminianism in order to show that it is an alternative side of the evangelical Protestantism. The author starts from historical-theological perspective, exposing the soteriology of Jacob Arminius and his followers (so-called Remonstrants) as the main source of modern evangelical Arminian thought. The next part contains the presentation of views of Arminian theologians (F. Leroy Forlines, Robert E. Picirilli, Jack Cottrell, I. Howard Marschall, Roger E. Olson). The analysis, which has been made, indicates that the representatives of this theological stream believe in total depravity of human nature, Christ’s universal atonement and the particular application of redemption, the necessity of God’s grace, which is not irresistible in its nature, and in conditional predestination, which is realized in the saving union with Christ. Moreover, the author includes the Arminian exegesis of three biblical passages that relate to the operation of grace (John 6: 37.39.44); eternal predestination (Eph 1: 3-14); and the extent of the universal salvific will of God and the atonement (1Tim 2: 1-6).
EN
This paper focuses on the meaning of the National Synod of Dordrecht (1618-1619) for the history of Calvinism in the Netherlands. The author broadly presents its historical and theological backgrounds and examines the factors that caused this Ecclesiastical Gathering. The National Synod in Dordrecht was held in order to settle a serious controversy in the Dutch churches initiated by the rise of Arminianism. The Arminians (Remonstrants) taught election on the basis of foreseen faith, a universal atonement, resistible grace, and the possibility of lapse from grace. The Synod concluded with a rejection of these views, and set forth the Reformed doctrine on each point, namely: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saints. One more result of the synod’s work was the decision to authorize a new translation of the Bible from the original languages. The new Dutch translation was first published in 1637 and it became known as State Translation (Statenvertaling). It has had an enormous influence in the formation of the Dutch language and the church unity. The National Synod of Dordrecht was absolutely a high point in the early history of the Reformed Church and with it, the Calvinism orthodoxy has been finally established.
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