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PL
Od wielu lat wśród historyków trwa dyskusja dotycząca postaw Polaków wobec Żydów w czasie Holocaustu. Artykuł Tomasz Frydla o strategiach przetrwania Żydów w czasie niemieckiej okupacji na terenie powiatu dębickiego wpisuje się w tę debatę. Celem autorów prezentowanego tekstu było zwrócenie uwagi na schematyczne podejście T. Frydla do problematyki stosunków polsko-żydowskich. W pierwszej części skupiono się przede wszystkim na krytycznej analizie przykładowych relacji i zeznań osób, które przeżyły Holocaust na terenie obecnego województwa podkarpackiego. Ukazano także realia życia polskich mieszkańców starostwa dębickiego pod niemiecką okupacją, które były jedną z ważnych przyczyn ich stosunku do uciekinierów z gett. W drugiej części omówiono stosunek Armii Krajowej do Żydów ukrywających się po aryjskiej stronie na terenie okupacyjnego powiatu dębickiego. Omówiono także zaprezentowane w tekście T. Frydla wyniki jego ustaleń dotyczące liczby zamordowanych Żydów oraz okoliczności ich śmierci.
EN
For years historians have discussed the attitude of Poles towards Jews during the Holocaust. Tomasz Frydel’s article on the survival strategies applied by Jews during the German occupation in Dębica county is one of the contributions to this discussion. The authors of the present article wanted to draw the reader’s attention to Frydel’s somewhat simplified approach toward the issue of Polish -Jewish rela-tionships. The first part of this article is a critical analysis of accounts and testimonies given by persons who survived the Holocaust around the current Subcarpathian Province. This part also illustrates the reality of Polish residents of Dębica county during the German occupation, which was one of the main causes for their attitude towards ghetto runaways. The second part describes the attitude of the Home Army towards Jews hiding on the Aryan side in Dębica county during the German occupation. It analyses Frydel’s findings concerning the numbers of murdered Jews and circumstances of their death.
EN
‘We got to know each other through our eyes…’ Research on Strategies for the Survival of Jewish Women Functioning above ‘Ground’ on the Aryan Side in Occupied Krakow and its Surroundings The purpose of this article is to show the survival strategies and the everyday life of Jewish women living on the so-called Aryan side in occupied Krakow and its surroundings. Ego-documents are the core source: relations and diaries collected in the Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, the Archives of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and the Archives of the Metropolitan Curia in Kraków. A thorough analysis of the phenomenon is very complex, therefore this article only discusses the fate of the Jewish women who co-existed amongst Polish society rather than those who did not have ‘Aryan documents’ or could be betrayed by their appearance, and were thus forced to remain in hiding the whole time. The article not only pays attention to the survival strategies and ways in which they disguised their origins and identities, but it also explores the everyday life, family relationships, work and religious life of these women. The author’ s aim was not to analyse aid provided to Jewish women by non-Jews, or symmetrically, to synthesise problems regarding the selling out of Jews in occupied Krakow. Both issues do appear in the article, but rather as background to the individual cases, since they were, in fact, inseparable elements of any survival strategy on the Aryan side in the GG ‘capital’. The article also notes the absence of certain topics in the interviews, related to the daily life of Jewish women in hiding, which makes a more comprehensive analysis difficult.
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