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EN
The article is built around the analysis of The critique of instrumental reason by Horkheimer, applied to issues connected with the philosophy of economics. Positive economics is under-stood as an example of a discipline where the pragmatic paradigm has been implemented. Therefore, economics functions within the boundaries of what Horkheimer called instrumental rationality. The starting point is the intellectual source shared by economics and the Frankfurt School, namely Kant’s philosophy of rationality. In the first part of the article, three of Kant’s ideas that are fundamental to economics are presented, and then the development of their application in philosophy of science, as seen by Horkheimer in 1947, is laid out. The second part of the article consists of enumerating various distinctive features of economics that set it apart from other social sciences and which constitute factors for which it can be considered a realm of the reign of ‘instrumental rationality’, with all the threats such an approach provokes. The above-mentioned features concentrate on treating humans in economics as a means, not as a goal. This aspect of the philosophy of science of the Frankfurt School (unlike its critique of capitalism as an economic system) has not been widely received.
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EN
The main aim of this paper is to present a combination of measures that are useful for economic policy activities in the assessment of a given economic condition from two points of view, in the shortand long-term perspective. At the same time, it should be noted that, in relation to the former, the authors’ comments are rather of an ordering character, while their own proposals have been formulated mainly with regard to the latter interpretation. The paper consists of two basic parts. One is predominantly theoretical in character and concerns the macroeconomic basics of economy evaluation and its use by economic decision makers and as well entities of the private sector (parts II and III). The other presents partial indicators of the contemporary macroeconomic policy. It includes among others: the GDP and the general price level dynamics, the rate of unemployment and the public sector balance. Additionally, a multi-indicator, a macroeconomic measure of the economy is presented (parts IV and V).
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie zastawu mierników wykorzystywanych w polityce gospodarczej do oceny sytuacji gospodarczej z dwóch punktów widzenia – zarówno w krótko-, jak i długookresowej perspektywie. Należy przy tym zaznaczyć, że w odniesieniu do mierników w pierwszym ujęciu przedstawione tu uwagi mają raczej charakter porządkujący, własne propozycje autorów zaś sformułowane zostały głównie w odniesieniu do drugiego ujęcia. W konsekwencji artykuł składa się z dwóch głównych części. Pierwsza ma przede wszystkim charakter teoretyczny i dotyczy makroekonomicznych podstaw oceny gospodarki i jej wykorzystania zarówno przez decydentów gospodarczych, jak i podmioty sektora prywatnego (punkty II i III). W drugiej części prezentowane są cząstkowe wyznaczniki bieżącej makroekonomicznej polityki gospodarczej. Można do nich zaliczyć m.in.: dynamikę PKB i ogólnego poziomu cen, stopę bezrobocia i bilans sektora finansów publicznych. Dodatkowo przedstawiona została również metodyka WMMOG (punkty IV i V).
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