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1

MOŽNOSTI PREDIKCIE SPRÁVANIA MANAŽÉROV PRI ZVLÁDANÍ NÁROČNÝCH SITUÁCIÍ V MANAŽÉRSKEJ PRÁCI

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Lajčin D., Frankovský M., Štefko R.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 8
835 – 853
EN
In this study we present the results of developing the original SSPMPR methodology (Spôsoby správania v manažérskej práci – Ways of behaving in managerial work). The analysed data were got from 174 respondents, from various positions in management. The gained results claimed advisability theme of the empirical-inductive approach to defining the taxonomy of these ways along with specifying five factors – emotional factor of coping, cognitive factor of coping I, cognitive factor of coping II, behavioural factor of coping I and behavioural factor of coping II. The presented basic parameters of the developed methodology (factor structure, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, inter correlations of factors, validation study) show the suitability of this methodology for prediction and detection of the ways of solving demanding situations in managerial work, with obvious implications in performance of managers and in efficiency of business management.
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THE NEW DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMS

100%
Kowalska J.
Etnografia Polska
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2004
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vol. 48
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issue 1-2
99-111
EN
When studying our own culture we are in danger of falling into platitudes, clichés and simplifications and it is by no means easy to obtain a new, fresh look. Fortunately, the possibility of sharpening and refining our perception has been proved by a number of studies published in the 1990s. They confirm that ethnologists use the depth of focus quite properly, recording and analyzing phenomena 'within their reach', even when they point their camera at themselves, as the amateur film-maker does. Poland, for the last 15 years, has experienced rapid transformation of the forms of interpersonal relationships and of interactions. Many social norms and the basic canons of ethics have been changing for much longer. General political and social situation of the 1980s allowed neither for extensive external contacts nor free flow of information. After the restrictions had been slackened and later disappeared, the Polish society became involved into changes happening at bewildering speed that for its considerable part were not only difficult to accept but also hardly possible to perceive. Besides, there was an enormous import of new cultural patterns, meanings and messages not known within Polish culture before, some of them even incompatible with it.The authoress has distinguished so far three groups of issues stemming from the interwoven fabric of new and old elements. The first and largest group could be referred to as 'the theatre of everyday behaviour'. It includes people's everyday behaviour at home, at work and between these two areas of human activity. Relationships among household groups. Relationships and interactions among workmates. Forms and ways of self- presentation, roles people play and masks they wear. Especially worth studying are the patterns and scenarios of behaviour when people are somewhere 'between', 'on their way'. The second category of problems includes new forms of 'conversation' ranging from complete anonymity to extreme exhibitionism and from refusal of communication to imposing oneself. These forms of communication include talk-shows and interactive TV programs, together with TV shows of the 'Big Brother' and reality show type. Problems of new forms of reality belong to the third group.
3

Rationality, Ignorance and Stupidity

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Aleksandrowicz D.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 2(50)
125-139
EN
Different types of action imply different types of knowledge. In natural sciences the link between actions and their effects is explicitly given. But in public sphere the knowledge that pretends to explain the connection between behaviour and its alleged purposes is semi-theoretical at best. This difference in competence and in causal concepts employed in the two different fields leads the author to claim that that mistakes in natural sciences can be considered honest acts of ignorance while in the humanities they are often manifestations of ungrounded projections, or--as the author calls them--act of stupidity. Then he points out that honest ignorance is not very dangerous, as it can be cured by supplying appropriate evidence to those who lack knowledge. Stupidity, on the other hand, is more pernicious and harmful, because it is something more complicated. It is ignorance of one's ignorance, a state that cannot be easily cured. As a consequence of the widespread inability to recognise stupidity for what it is, the public nurtures a 'culture of stupidity' that gains social legitimacy easily and without much protest.
4

Who Qualifies as Philosopher

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Domanski J.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2004
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vol. 13
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issue 2(50)
11-25
EN
In the antiquity two components entered the concept of philosophy: intellectual investigation of the ultimate reality and application of the ensuing findings in the life of a philosopher who had determined in his mind what the ultimate nature of the world is like. Unlike most students of history of philosophy the present author focuses on the second problem. When commenting on the unusual life style of Greek thinkers he uses the term that was originally applied by the Athenians to the peculiar and erratic behaviour of Socrates. A strangeness of this kind could be manifested in a philosopher's contacts with other philosophers or between any one of them and the ruler. In each case bizarre behaviour inspired popular suspicion, invited disfavour from the ruler and occasioned numerous squabbles among the philosophers themselves. Such clashes did not necessarily prove that the oddly behaving philosopher was in the wrong, while his society was in the right. But the conflict of standards could occasionally lead to the establishing of a reputation of a divine inspiration that presumably had affected the mind of a man of unorthodox ways.
5

IS PRUDENCE A BRIDGE BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY?

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Ruisel I.
Studia Psychologica
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2006
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vol. 48
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issue 3
197-205
EN
Attention is devoted to the prudence as a 'team of virtues'. The stress is laid on eight forms of prudence as long-term memory, ability to the adequately understand existing relationships, openness to advice of the others, brightness, reasonableness, foresight, circumspection, cautiousness. The prudence is oriented to a practical achievement of the personal goals, plans and designs. However, we assume an ability to choose appropriate means to attain the goals. The prudence represents one of the preconditions of a mature and cultivated personality, permitting one to master a suitable concept of life style and primarily to identify means leading to this goal. The prudence asserts itself by refusing the self-regulatory failings and the unjustified temptations. These reflections also imply that the concept prudence bridges over the historically preserved though methodologically unjustified division between a subject's behavior and his personality.
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NEUROSCIENCE - A NEW PERSPECTIVE IN RESEARCH, A NEW CHALLENGE

88%
Marek T.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
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2006
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vol. 14
13-23
EN
The paper considers a new perspective in research which psychology is facing at present. It is related to a spectacular progress in neuroscience. Implementing both the latest research results concerning the functioning of neural systems and new non-invasive techniques of brain examination in psychology constitutes a serious challenge and, simultaneously, offers unprecedented opportunities for the discipline. This paper posits that assuming neuro perspective in psychologic research leads to a new quality. Knowledge concerning neural structures and mechanisms responsible for behavioural, cognitive and emotional activity will force out the knowledge based on theoretical constructs. High complexity of neural mechanisms underlying human behaviour, emotional and cognitive processes, revealed in research conducted with the use of neuroimaging techniques or measuring the activity of single neural cells, whose results cannot be incorporated into relatively simple (in the conceptual sense) theoretical constructs.
7

FENOMENOLOGIE MERLEAU-PONTYHO

88%
Pechar J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 3
195-206
EN
The paper offers an outline of M. Merleau-Ponty's thought as represented in his earlier works 'The Structure of Behavior' and 'Phenomenology of Perception'. In them Merleau-Ponty, contrary to the conception of the subject as an 'apprehending no-thingness', tries to establish a mutual relationship between person and meaning, person and the other person, a sort of a merging embracement.
8

PREPARATORY TEST ANXIETY: COGNITIVE, EMOTIONALITY, AND BEHAVIOUR COMPONENTS

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Shadach E., Levy-Frank I., Levy S., Shadach E., Amitai T.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 4
271 – 279
EN
The test anxiety interferes with the ability to communicate knowledge during tests. Preparatory test anxiety may lead to excessive learning that reduces concentration and leads to mistakes and ineffective learning. This preliminary study develops the Preparatory Test Anxiety Questionnaire (PTAQ), tested its reliability and constructs validity, and assessed whether students with preparatory test anxiety exhibit excessive learning. Additionally, it explored the relations between the subscales and the total scores of the PTAQ and the TAI. Sample included 364 undergraduate college psychology students. The results indicated that the PTAQ is comprised of the ‘cognition-emotion’ and ‘behaviour’ subscales and has an adequate internal consistency and construct validity. The subscales and total score of the PTAQ were positively correlated with those of the TAI. Regression analysis showed that the Emotion-Cognition scale of the PTAQ significantly added to the explained variance, while the behaviour scale did not. Results are discussed with regard to preparatory test anxiety.
9

VARIABILITY OF EMPLOYEES’ BEHAVIOUR DURING DISAFFECTION

75%
Linhartová L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 1
83 – 97
EN
The aim of the article is modelling of impacts of employee turnover on efficiency of organisations. Variability of employees´ behaviour during disaffection was modelled based upon identification of factors affecting employee turnover revealed by deduction method and verified by quantitative survey. Formulation of problematic phenomenon and its verification leads to formulation of critical variables in order to lower disaffection and its costs in organisations. Different responses to impulses determine the level of dependence between the primary impulse (factors influencing employee turnover) and a reaction which is further elaborated according to the significance for the organisation. Differences in behaviours of employees in small national companies and large multinationals and their reactions to impulses are also described. The questionnaires were focused on revealing internal organisational factors leading to turnover. Respondents were part of a survey only if they left their previous job willingly. Thus, results can help to predict internal organisation causes leading to employee turnover and employee behaviour during disaffection.
10

MODERN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH A PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS

75%
Kachlík P.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2023
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vol. 26
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issue 1
-
EN
For the current generation of teenagers, computers, smartphones and social networks are seen as a completely natural part of their lives. However, the overuse of social networks has been associated with a number of risks such as the possible development of addiction, procrastination and the negative effects on the psychological, physical and social aspects of health. The aim of the research was to analyse the overuse of modern communication technologies on the behaviour of adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis. The research questions related to the participants’ approach to using the internet, the influence of online activities on their behaviour, the causes of risky behaviour in cyberspace and the factors enabling these risks to be mitigated. The use of modern technologies for teenagers brings a certain satisfaction of needs, stress relief, entertainment and education
11

BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR! DESIRED AND ACTUAL BEHAVIOR INCONSISTENCY IN FRUSTRATING AND PROVOKING SITUATIONS AS PREDICTORS OF DEPRESSION

75%
Zajenkowska A., Ulatowska J., Prusik M., Budziszewska M.
Studia Psychologica
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2017
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vol. 59
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issue 4
243 – 255
EN
Studies have shown that both expressing uncontrolled anger and suppressing anger are related to depression. Taking the latter into consideration, we explored another possible mechanism that could be used to predict the level of depression – the consistency between desired and undertaken behaviour. In Study 1 (N = 270) we tested whether depressive symptoms are related to emotional reactions in provoking or frustrating situations. The results revealed that higher levels of sensitivity to provocations and to frustrations contributed to higher levels of depression. In Study 2 (N = 195) we applied quantitative and qualitative analyses to test whether the severity of depressive symptoms could be predicted by the consistency of what people desire to do and how they actually act, when exposed to frustrating and provocative situations. The results showed that higher perceived consistency was related to lower levels of depression. The results are discussed in terms of the psychodynamic theory.
12

BEING NICE OR BEING TOUGH? SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL COGNITION IN TWO TYPES OF POPULAR PRE-ADOLESCENTS

63%
Čavojová V.
Studia Psychologica
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 4
313 – 327
EN
Although peer status has been extensively studied especially with regard to pro social behaviour, the results are mixed. Current study focuses on popularity and friendship, and their associations to social behaviour (pro social vs. antisocial) and social cognition (mindreading and empathy). 335 preadolescents (Mage = 13.3) participated in the study and completed sociometric questionnaire, mindreading test and three empathy questionnaires. Boys scored higher in popularity and disruptive behaviour, girls scored higher in helping behaviour and social cognition (mindreading and empathy). The two subtypes of popular students were identified – Pro social and Populist, who differed in their social behaviour and underlying social cognition. Pro social students showed more pro social behaviour, together with better mindreading and empathy skills than Populists. It seems that popularity in group can be achieved by two ways - either by being nice, or by being “tough”. This finding is also in line with the results of Bruyin and Cillessen (2006).
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