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THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL AS 'THIRD CULTURE' IN CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE (Model biopsychospoleczny jako przejaw 'trzeciej kultury we wspolczesnej medycynie)

100%
Sak J.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2009
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vol. 45
|
issue 1(179)
57-65
EN
Dr Charles Percy Snow pointed to dichotomy of style of scientific thought in Western culture in a paper entitled 'The Two Cultures' (1959). This dichotomy has been overcome by the biopsychosocial approach in contemporary medicine. George Engel, practicing physician, published a paper in the journal 'Science' (1977) entitled 'The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine'. Engel's vision of creating a unified scientific model that would account for both physical and psychological processes has been extended into the interpersonal, social and environmental spheres. ,
2

Bioetyka a wiara

61%
Wróbel J.
Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej
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2012
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vol. 11
147-166
EN
The problem of a relation between bioethics and faith is complex when it refers to Christian religion. It begins on the plane of the relationship between philosophy and Christian philosophy, more exactly, of the disputable question whether philosophy can have a Christian character. In the light of methodological principles, philosophy (the natural one) seems to exclude religious motives in advance. A similar problem can be observed in the i eld of ethics. In its proper sense, it is a philosophical science (as has been stated in the above dei nitions of bioethics). If so, ethics is, in its wrong sense, a form of moral theology, as it has occurred in the socalled ‘theological ethics’ being the i eld of research of some authors.
3
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ON GLOBALISATION AND GLOCALISATION OF BIOMEDICINE - THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN (O globalizacji i glokalizacji biomedycyny - na przykladzie Kazachstanu)

61%
Penkala-Gawecka D.
Lud
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2010
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vol. 94
107-120
EN
The article deals with the processes of globalisation and glocalisation, i.e. adaptation of global ideas and emergence of their local forms, with reference to biomedicine in Central Asia, particularly in Kazakhstan. The author analyses the problems of penetration and adaptation of Western medicine in Central Asia from the historical perspective, using written sources. While presenting contemporary glocalisation of biomedicine, she relates to her long time field research conducted in Kazakhstan in the second part of the 1990s. The expansion of Western medicine in Central Asia is connected with the conquest of these lands by Tsarist Russia. This period was characterised by the lack of a clear border between biomedicine and traditional medicine - the former adapted to a large extent to the local conditions. It was not a strong rival to the traditional forms of healing, which still satisfied most of the health needs of the population. On the other hand in the first period of Soviet rule very strong propaganda was directed against traditional medicine as based on superstitions, reactionary, and opposing progress. Nevertheless, biomedicine adapted to the local socio-cultural conditions, also in the Soviet period. The trends to bring together biomedicine and different unconventional therapies intensified particularly when Kazakhstan and other states in the region gained their independence after the fall of the Soviet Union. Some unconventional methods were incorporated into biomedicine (e.g. acupuncture or manual therapies), others, especially those originating from Kazakh folk medicine, were recognised and recommended by the state as good supplement to biomedicine. The author analyses these processes, drawing attention to the close relation between the growing importance of complementary medicine and the political and socio-cultural situation of that period.
4

SHAMANIC GIFT IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE: SHAMANIC HEALING AND BIOMEDICINE

61%
Bužeková T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2019
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vol. 67
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issue 4
412 – 429
EN
Neo-shamanism or urban shamanism is a movement which concentrates on spiritual healing and aims to revive traditional shamanism. The aim of the paper is to explore the legitimation of charismatic neo-shamanic healers in relation to biomedicine which is a dominant authoritative body of medical knowledge in European societies. The paper presents the results of ethnographic research on two neo-shamanic groups operating in Slovakia. In neo-shamanism, the shaman’s abilities are represented either as learned skills, or a special spiritual gift. The latter is characteristic of charismatic persons within neo-shamanic groups. I base my argument on the understanding of charisma as rhetoric and investigate discursive strategies of two charismatic healers who belong to different kinds of neo-shamanic groups. Both support the view that the shamanic practices are compatible with biomedicine; however, they represent this compatibility in different ways. I argue that the rhetoric in the legitimation of the shamanic gift corresponds to the particular social settings and cultural background of a healer. It is manifested in the use of the concept of energy which serves as a bridge between spiritual healing and the natural sciences.
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