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1

MEMORIZING 2D TACTILE RIGHT-ANGLE-SHAPES BY CONGENITALLY BLIND AND SIGHTED ADULTS

100%
Szubielska M., Zabielska-Mendyk E.
Studia Psychologica
|
2018
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vol. 60
|
issue 3
137 – 149
EN
The study was designed to compare the ability of congenitally blind and sighted individuals to memorize embossed 2D right-angle-figures with varied number of angles displayed against a grid or in a frame. We hypothesized that blind adults learn embossed shapes: 1) faster than sighted participants – this assumption was verified positively; 2) more accurately – which was not confirmed. The grid interfered with sighted people in solving the task, but it had no impact on the performance of participants with blindness. These results can be explained by referring to the memorizing strategies used by those who do and do not have visual experience. Sighted individuals use visual strategies more often than congenitally blind participants. The strategies identified in both groups were used either in isolation or in combination with a verbal or a kinaesthetic strategy.
2

STRATEGIES FOR CONSTRUCTING SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS USED BY BLIND AND SIGHTED SUBJECTS

100%
Szubielska M.
Studia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 56
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issue 4
273 – 285
EN
The study was designed to investigate imagery strategies used by blind and sighted individuals and their ability to operate spatial representations. Performance accuracy in the imagery tasks was confirmed to be similar in the blind individuals with no visual memories and in the sighted subjects. On the other hand, the findings showed differences in preferred imagery strategies. The sighted, more often than the blind subjects, used the strategy of visualizing spatial matrices. The blind subjects applied a tapping strategy more often than the sighted ones. Additional analysis focused on the function of working memory systems in processing spatial stimuli by the blind and sighted subjects.
3

VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF CHANGES IN THE INDUCEMENT OF CHANGE BLINDNESS

100%
Porubanová-Norquist M., Sikl R.
Studia Psychologica
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2013
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vol. 55
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issue 2
83 – 94
EN
Change blindness represents extreme difficulty in detecting changes in the visual field induced by brief blank screen interjected in between two alternating images. In the process of searching for a change, visual saliency certainly plays an important role in attracting attention (i.e., pop-out effect). In our study, we were interested in whether there are high-level scene factors that might attract attention as well. As hypothesized, probable, central, relevant and within the figure changes were detected more easily than changes that were improbable, marginal, irrelevant and occurring within the background. Interestingly, detecting changes occurring within close proximity of the figure was most difficult. This indicates that when searching for changes in scenes, parts of the scenes close to the most powerful attractors are being shadowed, and therefore seem to be ignored by selective attention. This could be ascribed to the role of expectations in change detection task. Therefore, we believe that specifically in explicit change detection task, an individual might use certain heuristics that helps her/him scan the scene. The data are discussed in the context of the debate about the nature of scene representations.
4

HOW CHOICE BLINDNESS VINDICATES WHOLEHEARTEDNESS

88%
Kirkeby-Hinrup A.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2015
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vol. 22
|
issue 2
199 - 210
EN
Recently the account of free will proposed by Harry Frankfurt has come under attack. It has been argued that Frankfurt’s notion of wholeheartedness is in conflict with prevalent intuitions about free will and should be abandoned. The author will argue that empirical data from choice blindness experiments can vindicate Frankfurt’s notion of wholeheartedness. The choice blindness phenomenon exposes that individuals fail to track their own decisions and readily take ownership of, and confabulate reasons for, decisions they did not make. Traditionally this has been taken to be problem for the notion of free will. He argues that Frankfurt’s account does not face this problem. Instead, choice blindness can be fruitfully applied to it, and vice versa. Frankfurt’s notion of wholeheartedness, he suggests, delineates the range of the choice blindness effect. This makes wholeheartedness a useful meta-theoretical concept for choice blindness research. The author concludes that, pace the recent criticism, wholeheartedness is a useful notion and should not be abandoned.
5

Wytwarzanie slepoty i jej organizacyjne konstruowanie w szkole podstawowej.

63%
Gobo G.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
|
2009
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vol. 5
|
issue 2
118-134
EN
This article is based on a case study conducted in an Italian primary school where the interactions between a sightless girl (named Jasmine, aged 8) and her classmates were extensively observed. The initial aim was to understand and describe the problems encountered by the sightless pupil, who acted in a social, organizational and physical environment which was not designed for handicapped people. However, other theoretical issues emerged during the research. The main finding was that sightlessness seems socially and organizationally constructed before it becomes a biological/physical handicap. The organizational processes through which the blindness is slowly and routinely constructed were extensively described.
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