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Contemporary Antigone

100%
Leociak J.
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2007
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vol. 61
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issue 1(276)
41-54
EN
One of determinants of humanity, mentioned by Giambatisto Vico, is burial of the dead. The author of this study does not deliberate on burial conceived as attempts at taming dread of the deceased or an act stemming from fear of the impurity of the corpse. He is interested in testimonies describing situations in which the human corpse is defiled and the burial ritual - violated, as well as in attempts at restoring the thus undermined order of things. Subsequently, he ponders on the nature of interment in extreme situations (such as the world wars or the Holocaust) and the cultural meanings borne by the act of defiling the corpse and desacralising the burial ground. The article starts with recalling classical tradition (Homer, Sophocles, Virgil, and the Bible) and goes on to study records from the Warsaw ghetto (primarily those by Rachela Auerbach). In doing so the author focuses on burial comprehended as the obligation of the living towards those who were not allowed to survive. In this context, efforts to fulfil the burial ritual should be understood as a final protection of the foundations of humanity at the time of Shoah.
2

MEDIAEVAL WEAPONRY. ABOUT THE SPEARHEADS WITH WINGS FOUND IN GRAVES IN AREAS OF MEDIAEVAL POLAND

51%
Kurasinski T.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2005
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vol. 57
165-213
EN
The author writes about significance and functioning of spearheads with wings (type VI acc. to A. Nadolski) in Middle Ages in Poland. Analyzed spearheads with wings come from grave assemblages. Iconographic and written sources were used also. Spearheads with wings are known only from three cemeteries in Poland. Spearheads with wings were used effectively in fighting and during the game. However, this effectiveness was not caused by the attached wings. It seems, that the real sense of this weapon is manifested mainly on the symbolic level. It is confirmed by the fact, that all of them are very long, and have special ornamentation, which is not important in warfare. This kind of spear could function also as an ensigns (badges). Preserved items have a character of insignia or relic, too. One can assume, that persons buried with such weapons belonged to the members of the ruler's body-guard. Only the warriors performing functions of commanders or advisers could make use of them.
3

Триада «дорога, переправа и заречье» в восточнославянском обрядовом тексте: лексика, семантика, прагматика

51%
Iliadi A. I., Zhyhora I. V.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2022
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vol. 57
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issue 1
3 - 20
EN
The paper offers detailed consideration of actional and verbal aspects of the triad of the ritualized actions «road», «crossing» and (reaching of) «lands beyond the river», which forms the basis of the East Slavic burial rite. Due to the linguistic specifics of the study the authors put their preferential attention to the language of the burial ritual, which is folklore texts (keening, spells, ritual precepts), their vestiges, separately existing as idiomatic phrases and separate words with peculiar semantics. Being the verbal counterpart of the ritualized action, textual information not only shows the interconnection between three stages of the burial ritual, but also encourages thinking about possible existence of mythological texts in the past, where the path of the dead is described – starting from gathering to the road, ritual precepts, and entering the Paradise extents.
4
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Władza i panowanie w prahistorii a zagadnienie interdyscyplinarności studiów archeologicznych

26%
Kadrow S.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2011
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vol. 6
11-54
EN
Author considers interdisciplinary nature of archaeological studies. The most outstanding scholars in the early stages of the development of archaeology as a scientific and academic discipline were mainly highly educated men with broad interests, combining knowledge of various sciences. For this reason they did not notice the problem of cooperation of archaeology and other disciplines. However, the progress of specialization in various disciplines during the twentieth century, has now led to a situation where the cooperation of the archaeologist with other scientific disciplines requires theoretical reflection. Archaeological studies of about power and authority, as well as social issues in prehistory, are usually based on analyses of burial rites. This is because all rituals provide a flow of meaning in culture, using in this case essential material things. Ritual is a symbolic and expressive aspect of behaviour that communicates social relations. Its role is particularly important in crisis situations as a means to cope with uncertainty. From the very beginning of the Eneolithic period in particular areas of Europe and the Near East we are able to identify material manifestations of various forms of increasing social hierarchy which were accompanied by different forms of authority and wielding of power. It seems that these processes were carried out under the umbrella of various kinds of ethos: hero (Mesopotamia), warrior-priest (Brittany), knight (west coast of the Black Sea), or warrior-herdsman (the Caucasus outskirts).
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