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1
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Die mutterlosen weinenden Kinder: zu Adam Łajtar in Journal of Juristic Papyrology 37 (2007)

100%
Diethart J.
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology
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2015
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issue 45
41-43
EN
The article presents a correction to the reading and an interpretation proposal of lines 3–4 of a Nubian funerary inscription published by Adam Łajtar in The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 37 (2007), pp. 135–137.
2
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The North-East living quarter of the medieval pilgrim centre in Banganarti. Archaeological research in 2015 and 2016

100%
Dzik M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
287-298
EN
Two seasons of fieldwork in the northeastern part of Banganarti site brought significant data on its stratification, as well as the architecture of medieval dwellings. This paper presents a summary of the results. Special attention was focused on the layout of the buildings and on vault usage. Remarks concern the functionality of the explored space, based on an interpretation of the stratigraphy. Evidence of strong water erosion in the early stages of the settlement is also discussed.
3
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The medieval fortifications at Banganarti after the 2016 season

88%
Drzewiecki M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
301-309
EN
The state of preservation of Banganarti’s unique medieval mud-brick fortifications and the deposits accumulated against them allows a study of the history of these defenses and their immediate surroundings. Trenches excavated in the northeastern corner of the fortifications in 2016 gave a full cross section, starting with the layers preceding the construction of the defenses, through two phases of the fortifications and ending with traces of secondary use of the ruins.
4
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An ‘Enigmatic Man’ in the Anastasis Scene from the Lower Church in Banganarti An Attempt at Identification

75%
Łaptaś M.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2015
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issue 28
105–120
EN
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify an ‘enigmatic man’ represented on the right side of the Banganarti Anastasis painting as Abel and to exclude the identification of the figure as ‘Moses at the Burning Bush’. The ‘enigmatic man’ is young and he holds a stick in his hand, which seems to be the shepherd’s crook. Such an attribute is typical for images of Abel (a younger son of Adam and Eve killed by his brother). The absence of the Manus Dei and sandals makes the identification of the figure as ‘Moses at the Burning Bush’ a bit unlikely. In Banganarti, Abel is set in a separate field, what makes this image unusual. Solitude of Abel brings to mind an apocryphal Ethiopic Book of Enoch. In this text the lonely spirit of Abel cries and awaits for the Resurrection and condemnation of Cain’s offspring. The image from Banganarti allows to state that some apocryphal texts had an impact on Nubian painting and for this reason several murals are unique on the background of Byzantine art.
5
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Chrzest w Kościele nubijskim – próba rekonstrukcji liturgii w świetle analizy baptysteriów i wschodnich tradycji chrześcijańskich

65%
Mich K. A.
Annales Missiologici Posnanienses
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2015
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issue 20
151-163
EN
Although archaeological evidence shows that Christianity existed in Nubia before the official mission of evangelization of Byzantium, however, it did not then have a centralized form. The imperial missions Justinian and Theodora established the new faith, and in effect the Nubian Christianity began to erect monumental temples dedicated to the new God. On the basis of Nubian baptisteries, as well as contemporary baptismal liturgy in the East, the author attempt was made to reconstruct the baptismal liturgy in Nubia, primarily in the area of the kingdom of Makuria.
PL
Choć dowody archeologiczne wskazują, że chrześcijaństwo istniało w Nubii przed oficjalnymi misjami ewangelizacyjnymi z Bizancjum, to jednak nie miało ono jeszcze formy scentralizowanej. Misje cesarskie Justyniana i Teodory ugruntowały nową wiarę, a także spowodowały, że chrześcijaństwo nubijskie zaczęło wznosić monumentalne świątynie poświęcone nowemu Bogu. Na podstawie badań baptysteriów nubijskich, a także ówczesnych liturgii chrzcielnych na Wschodzie, podjęta została próba rekonstrukcji liturgii chrzcielnej w Nubii, przede wszystkim w rejonie dongolańskim, na terenach królestwa Makurii.  
6
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Banganarti and Selib in 2011/2012 and 2013

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Żurawski B.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2015
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vol. 24(1)
369-388
EN
In the course of two seasons in 2012 and 2013 the team carried out excavations and research on the living quarters alongside the fortifications of Banganarti, including a large building (E.1) and eastern tower. Work on the restoration/conservation of the Upper Church progressed according to plan, combined with limited iconographic studies. The team also worked at the sites of Selib and Soniyat. At Selib explorations continued at three locations. The phasing of the church at Selib 1 was established (separate report by A. Cedro), leading to a reconstruction of the plan of the earliest two buildings. A Meroitic(?) structure was investigated at Selib 3 and the Meroitic settlement at Selib 2 continued to be investigated (separate report by R. Hajduga and K. Solarska). A tachymetric plan and magnetic map of the environs of the Kushite temple at Soniyat was accomplished, recording a huge building (palace?) of apparently Kushite date (Napatan ceramic forms and Egyptian imports dating from the Third Intermediate Period) to the north of the temple. A separate team undertook a reconnaissance in regions scheduled to be flooded due to new dam construction projects in Kajbar and Shereik (Third and Fifth cataracts), staying on to record in detail a number of Makurian fortresses.
7
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Faces of Evil in Nubian Wall-Painting – An Overview

63%
Innemée K. C., Zielińska D.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2019
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vol. XXXII
121-144
EN
In Christian wall-paintings in Nubia a recurring theme is the struggle between Good and Evil. In this article an overview is given of the various ways in which Evil is depicted or personified, ranging from animals to humans and the hybrid ways in which Satan and his helpers are represented. These different ways have been inspired by sources from a canonical biblical, apocryphal and mythological character.
8
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Fieldwork in 2015/2016 in the Southern Dongola Reach and the Third Cataract Region

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Żurawski B., Cedro A., Drzewiecki M., Łopaciuk R.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
269-288
EN
The settlement remains surrounding the churches at the sites of Banganarti and Selib continued to be excavated in the 2015/2016 season by a team directed by Bogdan Żurawski. The research focused primarily on the living quarters around the churches and fortifications. An ethnographic survey carried out in Banganarti and Selib, and in the nearby villages documented traditional crafts, such as pottery making, basketry, baking and cooking using traditional techniques and recipes. Conservation and construction work were undertaken simultaneously with preparations for turning the Banganarti and Selib 1 sites into tourist attractions. Skeletal remains from earlier excavation were examined by a physical anthropologist. A survey combined with aerial documentation was carried out on selected archaeological sites in the Southern Dongola Reach (Soniyat, Diffar, Hettani, Bani Israil) and in the Third Cataract Region (Kissenfarki, Fagirinfenti). Short excavations were also conducted in the temple at Soniyat.
9
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Banganarti and Selib in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons with Appendix 1: Pottery from Selib. Preliminary report (2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons), Appendix 2: Osteoarchaeological analyses of skeletal material from Selib 1 and Banganarti (2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons)

51%
Żurawski B., Cedro A., Bury M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
349-402
EN
The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Banganarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put the finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work on the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th–7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and from individual graves at Banganarti. The results of ceramic studies and of the anthropological examination are reported in separate appendices to the main report.
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