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Cities in Bengal. Space for nationalistic emotions

100%
Moroń M.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2016
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issue 40
301-318
EN
The European concept of nationalism became a useful instrument in creating new identities of peoples of South Asia. In Bengal, traditional identities were given political dimensions, and a number of emotion building symbols, narrations, invented traditions and characteristics of the land, were employed to attract the people to the idea of a particular nationalism. The role of cities in creating the nationalisms of Bengal is discussed in the present paper. The examples of Dhaka, Kolkata and Murshidabad are considered on the one hand, whereas on the other there is an attempt of a comparison between the role of these three cities and the influence of the countryside and the rural landscape of Bengal in appealing to the sentiments of Bengalis in their nationalistic discourse. Conclusions are submitted for further considerations.
2

Selected Aspects of the Textual Studies on the Vaisnava Sahajiyā Tradition in Medieval Bengal

100%
Czyżykowski R.
Cracow Indological Studies
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2016
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vol. 18: Cosmopolitanism andRegionalism in Indian Cultural Dynamics
339-366
EN
This paper is conceived as an examination of the textual sources of the Tantric Vaiṣṇava tradition in its regional context and of the way in which vernacular Bengali and Sanskrit functioned as two factors determining the development and shape of the particular medieval esoteric tradition. The complicated history of the Bengali culture amalgam, which determines the special character of this region, takes on a crucial meaning here as pan- Indian Brahmanical and Sanskrit culture is juxtaposed on many levels with regional culture. The interactions between the regional and the pan-Indian as well as between the vernacular and Sanskrit seem to be a very complex problem with dynamic nets of interactions, functioning synchronically on multiple levels. The examination of this matter is proceeded by a general overview of the previous scholarship on the subject.
3
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W poszukiwaniu genezy i specyfiki zjawiska ekstazy w religiach Bengalu

89%
Czyżykowski R.
Studia Religiologica
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2011
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vol. 44
59-69
EN
In the religions of Bengal ecstasy is the culmination and test of religious maturity and the state of adulthood, the external expression of unio mystica and the effect of possession by a deity. Ecstasy confirms and provides meaning to religious practices, and the exceptional bodily states that accompany it provide religion with the marks of authenticity – one might say that ecstasy is the actualisation of the myth and model of the perfect person that can be found in Bengali culture. The ecstatic usually fulfils the function of guru – the verification of the authenticity of his bhava (ecstatic state) works as a legitimisation of his status as a religious teacher. Ecstasy can be induced by ritual means, asceticism and discipline – such ecstasy can be called ritual. In the other case it has the nature of spontaneous experience, and in this case it is perceived as a sign of the particular blessing of the deity. This understanding of the phenomenon of ecstasy is convergent with the concept of religion as a mystical state providing meaning as well as offering a person exceptional visionary experiences that are not present in ordinary life. In this way ecstasy would be the realisation of the innate human potential to enter altered states of consciousness (ASC), which constitute an integral component of traditional cultures. Such states are experienced by the participants of a given community in accordance with the model operating in that culture, and are the legitimisation of the knowledge passed on according to tradition. On the other hand, these states continually verify that model, and sometimes go beyond it, introducing new elements into the culture and specific religious tradition.
4
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Mistyczna kosmofizjologia w wisznuizmie sahadźija

75%
Czyżykowski R.
Studia Religiologica
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2012
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vol. 45
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issue 1
21–36
EN
The main theme of the article is the conviction that there is no single pan-Indian concept of the subtle or mystical body. All these phenomena are closely connected with the local ecosystem and culture, and appear as an effect of the collective influence of the religions active in a particular region. There is no doubt that some differences appear because of the varieties of individual vision experiences. This paper is a presentation of the doctrine of the body in the tradition of Vaishnava Sahajiya. This doctrine is the effect of synthesis of different elements which reflect the complex and various cultural landscape of Bengal (Vaishnava, Siddhas, Tantric Buddhism, Śaktism). Generally we can distinguish yogic and mythological elements (the Vaishnava tradition of Caitanya). The system of the subtle body centres (vessels – sarovara) and the net of internal channels (nadi) is in agreement rather with the Buddhist (sahajiya) scheme of four chakras than with the Hindu Tantric model of six chakras
5
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Precursory Study on South Asian Security and Geopolitics

75%
Ramachandra B.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2018
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issue 31
82-96
XX
Security issues in South Asia could be the key to world peace. Understanding the particular dynamics of security creation and its provision in the region has therefore become extremely important. That said, there are major hurdles to a proper comprehension of the underlying complexities. Most of the home-grown security studies and analyses are sponsored or directly provided by the security establishment, focusing mainly on the tactical capacities of the military apparatus. The outside academic community, mainly the Singapore-Australia-USA triangle, tend to concentrate on the global perspectives with predominance given to the India-China aspect of the security configuration. For these reasons, vital and insightful concepts are missing for the proper and realistic understanding of the security policies and configuration of South Asia. The purpose of this essay will be to introduce some of these analytical concepts and give a deeper understanding of the issues at work, in short to provide a historic background to the conflict and security configuration of South Asia
6
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Konflikt buddyjsko-muzułmański w birmańskim Arakanie jako przykład konsekwencji dekolonizacji w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej

71%
Lubina M.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2019
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issue 34
299-315
PL
Uwagę naukowców, dziennikarzy i innych publicystów piszących o Birmie w ostatnich latach przykuła przede wszystkim sprawa prześladowań nieuznanej muzułmańskiej mniejszości Rohingya, której większość ludności została wygnana do Bangladeszu. Brutalna rozprawa armii birmańskiej z Rohingya, niosąca znamiona zbrodni przeciw ludzkości i czystki etnicznej, zepchnęła na dalszy plan birmańską transformację ustrojową i zniszczyła dobry image międzynarodowy Birmy. Sam casus Rohingya pokazuje z kolei w modelowy wręcz sposób głębsze, bo sięgające kolonializmu i dekolonizacji przyczyny konfliktów na obszarach postkolonialnych ogóle, a w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej i Azji Południowej w szczególności.
EN
In the recent years, repression against Rohingya – an unrecognized Muslim minority in Burma/Myanmar expelled recently from Myanmar to Bangladesh – became the most recognised Burma-related (or perhaps even Southeast Asia-related) event worldwide. Rohingya’s exodus, accompanied by crimes against humanity, overshadowed Myanmar’s political transformation and annihilated the positive image of this country. The background that led to this ethnic cleansing, however, is deeper and connected to the painful decolonisation of Burma. As such, it represents the model case study of problematic decolonisation in Southeast Asia.
7
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Dr. Jekyll, Mr Hyde or Bengali Hamlet? Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy as the last Prime Minister of undivided Bengal

51%
Flasiński T.
Rocznik Orientalistyczny
|
2020
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issue 2
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