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Wyniki badań archeologicznych prowadzonych w 2018 roku w kruchcie Kościoła oo. Bernardynów w Rzeszowie

100%

Jabłkowski M.

Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

2019

issue 40

285-294

At the beginning of February 2018, in connection with the ongoing investment in the Basilica of Bernardine church in Rzeszów (the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rzeszów) comprehensive archaeological works were conducted. They were performed by the Foundation for Archaeological centre in Rzeszów. The excavations were carried out due to the fact that during the renovation of the church and the replacement of the floor, human remains and two crypts were found. It is worth noting that within the Bernardine church no archaeological research had been previously conducted, even in the form of keeping a watching brief. Two archaeological sondages (A and B) were established during the exploration of the porch. In the course of exploration of the first trial trench burial pits with human remains were discovered. At the 50–70 cm level, the only well-preserved skeleton in an anatomical order, oriented along the north-south line (grave 12) was registered. With reference to one of the burials deposited at 90–110 cm (grave 22), a coin was found. It was located under the skull of the deceased, adjacent to the jaw and leaving a characteristic greenish discoloration on the bone. The last level at which human burials were registered was the level of 110–130 cm. The graves revealed traces of destruction by other burials or reburials with a mixed context of human remains. The second trial trench, 1.5x0.5 m, in the form of a small test pit was studied at the southern, primary entrance to the church (sondage B). During the exploration, human bones were uncovered in a mixed context that did not form any clear clusters. By conservator’s decision, the boundaries of excavations were gradually expanded to reveal as much foundation as possible and, at the same time, confirm or refute the legend about the burial of the church founder under the threshold in the porch. According to historical sources, it was Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza, who wished (in his will written on August 7, 1637) to be buried under the threshold of the church porch. The results of the research did not confirm this legend. The movable material remains chronologically correspond to the 15th to 18th centuries. With regard to uncovered ceramic forms, pots dominated among pottery vessels. A fragment of a bowl and a plate were also noted. Similar forms of vessels were known from Rzeszów. Another group of artefacts were metals, including iron nails and coffin closing staples, as well as corroded lumps, wires and wheels difficult to identify, probably associated with the equipment and construction of coffins. In addition, a fragment of the iron horseshoe protector and two coins were discovered. To sum up, it is worth noting that archaeological research carried out within the Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Rzeszów created a unique opportunity for conducting archaeological intervention research. It brought a number of new and valuable information about the history of the city. In the course of excavations, archaeologists discovered the remains of a church cemetery, which undoubtedly surrounded the former wooden church existing on the site of the present building.

Kościół bernardynów w Rzeszowie. Mistagogia przestrzeni prowadzącej do wnętrza świątyni

84%

Ryba G.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

2016

vol. 22

399-418

W latach 1610–1629 z fundacji Mikołaja Spytka Ligęzy wzniesiono w Rzeszowie na miejscu objawień Matki Boskiej kościół, nad którym opiekę powierzono bernardynom. W związku z jubileuszem 500-lecia owych objawień, przypadającym w 2013 roku, w kościele dokonano szeregu prac renowacyjnych. W kruchcie, która zajmuje dolną kondygnację wieży, na osi na wprost prezbiterium odkryto wejście, zamurowane prawdopodobnie wkrótce po wybudowaniu kościoła, i przebito je ponownie, zgodnie z pierwotnym założeniem. Pomieszczenie kruchty w przyziemiu wieży zajmuje przestrzeń na planie zbliżonym do kwadratu, przykrytą sklepieniem krzyżowym. W każdej ścianie znajduje się otwór wejściowy wypełniający wnękę w grubości muru zamkniętą łukiem odcinkowym. Dwie pary dwuskrzydłowych drzwi z brązu, obustronnie rzeźbionych, prowadzą do wnętrza kruchty z zewnątrz, natomiast kolejne drzwi, również pokryte dekoracją rzeźbiarską, oddzielają to pomieszczenie od nawy. Ich częściowe przeszklenie sprawia, że w kształt pola obrazowego zostaje wpisane całe wnętrze bogatej, manierystyczno-barokowej budowli, tworząc przestrzenny układ scenograficzny, rozwijający się w głąb, aż do tabernakulum i ołtarza głównego w prezbiterium. Z natury rzeczy ruchomy układ skrzydeł pozwala tworzyć zmienne konfiguracje o zróżnicowanym przesłaniu, rozwijającym się w czasie i przestrzeni. Obrazy z historii lokalnego objawienia i postaci miejscowych świętych poprzez przedstawienia i cytaty biblijne stopniowo prowadzą widza do tajemnicy wcielenia. Przestrzeń kruchty, łącząca umiejętnie przekaz ikonograficzny z symboliką i ekspresją formy (m.in. symbolika światła i symbolika materiału) stanowi znaczący element, a zarazem metaforę wtajemniczenia mistagogicznego, dokonującego się podczas przekraczania granicy pomiędzy profanum a sacrum.

In the years 1610–1629, a church founded by Mikołaj Spytko Ligęza was erected in Rzeszow on the site of apparitions of the Virgin Mary, and entrusted to the care of Bernardine monks. In connection with the jubilee of the 500th anniversary of the apparitions in 2013, a series of renovations were conducted in the church; and the porch, which occupies the bottom floor of the tower, built on the axis of the west facade of the building, was rebuilt. Currently, there are two pairs of double bronze doors, carved on both sides, which lead to the interior of the porch. Another door, also covered with sculptural decoration, separates the porch from the nave. Its partial glazing inscribes the entire interior of the rich Mannerist-Baroque building into its image field, creating a spatial stage design arrangement developing into the interior, towards the very tabernacle and the main altar in the chancel. Obviously, the moving wing system allows for creating variable configurations with varying messages, developing in time and space. Images of the history of the local apparition and the figures of the local saints gradually lead the viewer through biblical presentations and quotations to the mystery of the Incarnation. The space of the vestibule, skillfully combining the iconographic message with the symbolism and expression of the form (such as the symbolism of the light and the symbolism of the material), constitutes a significant element and, at the same time, a metaphor of mystagogical initiation, achieved when crossing the border between the profane and the sacred.

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1 Folia Historica Cracoviensia

1 Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego

1 Jabłkowski M.

1 Ryba G.

1 2019

1 2016

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Wyniki badań archeologicznych prowadzonych w 2018 roku w kruchcie Kościoła oo. Bernardynów w Rzeszowie

Kościół bernardynów w Rzeszowie. Mistagogia przestrzeni prowadzącej do wnętrza świątyni