Main subject of this article in the “The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach” (translated into Polish by Piotr Poznańczyk in 1535) and its relations with a biblical edition of this book from 1561 (so-called “The Leopolits Bible”). Analysis of lexical changes (including: particles, diminutives, colloquial and German words) have to give an answer to a few questions: was Piotr Poznańczyk an editor of the Sirach from 1561? Which was the direction of the textual modification? Perhaps, in the future, this article will by also helpful to find an editor (or editors) of “The Leopolits Bible”.
The two examples of conservation of the sixteenth- century books printed tin Cracow's old printing works notorious of the high quality of their products have been presented by the author. The first of books, widely known as the so-called Leopolite’s Bible printed at the Szarffenbergers and constituting one of the most outstanding monuments of ancient printing art in Cracow was, in 1883, subjected to restoration by Władysław Wenda then an employee of the Old Records Archive, Warsaw who concentrated his efforts on reconstruction of the missing text parts and on restoration of the partly damaged woodcut illustrations. His work can be regarded as one of the most typical for the nineteenth-century approaches in restoring of old books. Though lacking suitable experience, which the lack found its reflection in quality of conservation carried out, Wenda — it should be emphasized — tried to restore its original forms to the defective copy. So, for instance, the missing frontispiece was replaced by him with a copy prepared by the use of homeographic technique invented in 1857 by Adam Piliński. Also the facsimile reproductions of the four text pages have been added by him. It deservaes to be stressed that Wenda being fully conscious of importance which his description of treatments carried out might have for the future researchers had bound it together with the original text. Hence, the above description can be treated ias one of the first conservator’s documentations.
The article presents the Polish religious writing of the Middle Ages and Renaissance as an expression of correspondence between the word and image. It also demonstrates the impact of European graphics, including Albrecht Dürer’s woodcuts, upon Polish religious works of the period (such as the works by Pseudo-Bonaventura in his rendering of Baltazar Opec’s Żywot Pana Jezu Krysta and Jan Sandecki’s Historie biblijne or Rozmyślania dominikańskie. The article also emphasizes that it was Dürer who paved the way for the book illustration, thus turning woodcuts into an art form in their own right. The fifteenth century was a watershed in book culture. As new illustration techniques at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries encouraged the growth of illustrated printed books, the codex became obsolete.
Author argues that the translation of the New Testament from the Polish Catholic Leopolita’s Bible (1561) was, to a significant extent, based on Erasmus’ of Rotterdam Greek text, and textual-critical scholarship as in the editions of Novum Instrumentum. Furthermore author argues that this influence was being removed in the revised edition of the Leopolita’s Bible (1575) because it was considered as controversial by some of the Catholics. These theses are supported by discussing eight textual examples of Erasmus’ influence on the Polish translation (out of 18 identified dependencies).
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Autor dowodzi, że tłumaczenie Nowego Testamentu z katolickiej Biblii Leopolity (1561) jest w znacznej mierze oparcie na tekście greckim Erazma z Rotterdamu oraz jego pracom tekstualno-krytycznym, zawartym w Novum Instrumentum. Autor dowodzi ponadto, że wpływ ten był eliminowany w zrewidowanej edycji Biblii Leopolity z 1575 r. Tezy te wsparte są analizą ośmiu przykladów wpływów prac Erazma na polską translację.
There are same chronological diversified lexis layers In the Bible edited by Jan Leopolita and published in Cracow in 1561. The analysis of Polish equivalents for the Greek lexeme γάμος (or its Latin equivalents in the Vulgate – nuptiae, nuptialis) ‘a marriage, wedding, weddingceremony; plur: a wedding-feast’, i. e. swadziebny, gody, wesele, referring to empirical system and text data, acquired from lexica of the historic Polish and from texts of other Renaissance Polish renderings of the New Testament, proved chronological diversity of the equivalents. The lexeme swadziebny belongs to an older lexis layer, probably representing the lexicon of the former translation, perhaps medieval. The lexeme wesele represents a new lexis layer which may have been introduced into the text by Jan Leopolita, as the effect of his editorial efforts. Chronological status of the lexeme wesele in the analyzed Biblical rendering lexicon is ambiguous. It should be considered as an evidence of an traditional lexis layer. It may have been introduced into the text as a substitute of the lexeme swadziebny.
This paper presents the connection between selected Polish biblical translations and the national and personal history of Polish people (14th–18th century). The history of Florian Psalter (14th/15th century) and that of Queen Sophia’s Bible (15th century) are related to the beginning of the Jagiellonian dynasty. The first printed biblical text in Polish (Prologue to the Gospel according to St. John, 1518/1519) and editions of the New Testament translated by Stanisław Murzynowski (1551–1553) testify to the development of Polish orthography. Both, the woodcuts of the Leopolita’s Bible (1561, 1575/1577) and the notes to the commentary on the Acts of the Apostles by Tomas Falconius (1566) give an account of the tumultuous history of Polish Reformation. The dedication in the second edition of Leopolita’s Bible (1975) and its alteration in 1577 attest to the failure of the first free royal election in Poland. The manuscript notes in Wrocław copy of Simon Budny’s Bible (1572) constitute an eyewitness account of the collapse of Poland at the end of 18th century. Whereas, the manuscript notes in the translation of Psalter by W. Wróbel constitute a chronicle of the Wilieziński family. Therefore, while talking about the history of Polish biblical translations one can talk about the history of Poland as a country, at the same time.
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Artykuł prezentuje związek wybranych polskich przekładów biblijnych z narodową i osobistą historią Polaków (XIV–XVI wiek). Dzieje Psałterza Floriańskiego (XIV–XV wiek) i Biblii Królowej Zofii (XV wiek) są związane z początkami dynastii Jagiellonów. Pierwszy druk biblijny po polsku (Prolog do Ewangelii według św. Jana, 1518/1519) oraz edycje Nowego Testamentu w tłumaczeniu Stanisława Murzynowskiego (1551–1553) świadczą o rozwoju polskiej ortografii. Ilustracje do Biblii Leopolity (1561, 1575/1577) i dopiski do komentarzy do Dziejów Apostolskich Tomasza Falconiusa (1566) opowiadają o burzliwych dziejach polskiej Reformacji. Dedykacja drugiego wydania Biblii Leopolity i jej zmiana są świadectwem fiaska pierwszej wolnej elekcji. Rękopiśmienne dopiski we wrocławskim egzemplarzu Biblii Szymona Budnego (1572) opowiadają o upadku I Rzeczypospolitej. Rękopiśmienne zapiski w Żołtarzu w tłumaczeniu Walentego Wróbla (1528) są kroniką rodziny Wiliezińskich. Opowiadając historię polskich przekładów biblijnych, można opowiedzieć historię Polski.
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