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EN
The Bill aims at, inter alia, improvement of transparency in terms of organisation of Polish sport associations and prevention of conflict of interests by putting additional limitations on members of sport unions’ management boards. Furthermore the definition of sport should include intellectual activities whose goal is to achieve a sport result. According to the author of the opinion the latter solution is too vague and may lead to broadening the definition of sport in an uncontrolled manner, encompassing a wider selection of human activities than the sponsor of the bill aimed to do. Moreover, the Council’s project classifies members of sport unions’ management boards as public servants what stays in contradiction to the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal. The changes of provisions proposed in the bill require a deeper analysis and clarifying.
EN
This text is a first chapter of Bill Nichols famous book Introduction to Documentary which has become the most widely used introductory textbook in the field. It explores some of the ways in which commonsense definitions of documentary can be refined, with the reference to the corpus of classical or important works, to give a sense of how different films find at least slightly different solutions to common problems. The exploration of this problems helps us understand how a documentary tradition arose and evolved and what it has to offer us today. This chapter also sets the stage for the issues posed in the remaining chapters by considering the distinct assumptions and expectations.
EN
In the author’s opinion, the Bill concerns issues partially regulated by the EU law and interferes with the freedom of establishment and the freedom of services guaranteed by the treaties. This does not constitute a breach of the EU law, but the introduced restrictions do not have a proper justification in terms of their proportionality to the intended purpose of the regulation. An argument that similar legal solutions are in force in other Member States was not recognized to be such a justification. According to the author, although the changes contained in the Bill may serve the overriding general interest, that is animal well-being, the compliance of the provisions with the EU law may be challenged. In the remaining scope, the Bill is compliant with the EU law, with an exception of the amendments to the Act on Animal Protection that ban slaughter without stunning in an abattoir or a slaughterhouse.
EN
Eugen Gomringer’s poetry of the 1950s and ‘60s was strongly rooted in such elements of contemporaneous culture as Swiss concrete painting, the Swiss style of typography, the functional design of the Bauhaus tradition, and the Stuttgart-based modern theories of aesthetics. Some of these practices were the basis on which Gomringer constructed his own poetic means, while others were directly implemented in the layout or cover designs of Gomringer’s poetic books. In this paper the sources of Gomringer’s verse are examined with special reference to the book 33 konstellationen and the mathematical verse construction of one poem, “worte sind schatten,” whose structure proves to be paradoxical, simultaneously complicated yet simple.
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