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1

Georges Bataille – wypowiedzieć Niemożliwe

100%

Kruszelnicki M.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2020

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issue 33

59-84

EN

The paper discusses Georges Bataille’s endeavor to express “the Impossible” by means of specific language employed first and foremost in his works of literary fiction (L’Histoire de l’oeil (Story of the Eye), Madame Edwarda, Le bleu du ciel (Blue of Noon). This is carried out by first providing a general outline of Bataille’s philosophical thought with due attention drawn to the aporias that open up before all projects of heterology inasmuch as they seek to both approximate and communicate the experiences that elude rational thought and language which traditionally works at its service. What follows is a description and explication of the literary and performative means which Bataille employs in his fiction in order to authenticate his depictions of the “inner experience” and the figure of “the Impossible”. Several of the most prominent theoretical approaches to the specificity of Bataille’s transgresssive écriture are referred to and further contrasted with the philosopher’s consistent dissatisfaction with the limitations that language and rational, sense-oriented thought poses to the task of voicing the essence of the “inner experience”. The article concludes with the argument that even literature cannot free itself from pragmatic utility resulting from the structural limitations of language. What literature can achieve, however, is to point to the Impossible and inexpressible, and endlessly invoke and respond to it. Regarded in this way, Bataille’s revelatory language can be considered in a wider, French poststructuralist context, which emphasises the position of Heidegger as a reference point for Derrida and Blanchot.

2

Testimony of Death: From Extermination Camps to Clinical Practice: A Discussion with Winnicott, Blanchot and Derrida

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Legrand D.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2020

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vol. 4

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issue 2

102-113

EN

Is there any witness to death? As detailed by Jacques Derrida, any testimony is detached from the direct perception of the event it reports. Thus, a testimony may report one’s encounter with death, not only with the death of the other, but also with one’s own death, even though it can never by experienced as such. In particular, reports from “survivors” ought to be taken un-metaphorically as they confront us with what Maurice Blanchot related as “the encounter of death with death.” In line with such testimonies, Donald Woods Winnicott helps us here in considering an “anterior death,” a death that already happened without being experienced as such and which may haunt the subject until it remembers it. But how may one remember a past that has never been present? And how may one remember death without dying? In dialogue with Maurice Blanchot, we are guided toward a manner of considering silence as an oblivious remembrance of that which can be brought back from death.

3

Language, Time, and Death. An Ethico-Philosophical Perspective Following Hegel, Heidegger, Lévinas, and Blanchot

99%

Kaushal S.

Ethics in Progress

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 2

11-24

EN

Our daily existence is affected by how we perceive death, be it our own’s death tocome or others’ death. The intimidating nature of death has the potential to affect our daily ethical existence in relation to the other, as is seen in various crises in human history. In such a context, since expansive literature in various approaches such as biological, sociological, psychological, and political addressing the question of death is already available, this essay presents an ethico-philosophical perspective on death and argues if death should be seen as the worst event that is to be experienced by being. In this essay, I correlate language, time, and death, contrasting popular analogies, i.e., death is possibility of impossibility (Hegel and Heidegger), and death is impossibility of possibility (Lévinas and Blanchot). Firstly, the essay stages the discussion with contrasting synchronic and diachronic perspectives of language, i.e., historical understanding of language and time in Hegelian terms and the messianic time in Lévinasian terms, to see how sensibility, i.e., universal meaning, is expressed through concept. Secondly, the essay sees how sensibility is expressed through a concept beyond dialectic opposition and negativity while acknowledging that the question of ethics arises only after the end of philosophy, for something is always inexpressible through expression; there is always remnant beyond philosophical significance. This essay not only argues language, time, and death as the ethical responsibility of the self towards the other, but also contributes to the understanding of language as ethics beyond philosophy, and death as passivity beyond ontology following Lévinas’s idea of messianic time and Blanchot’s views on literature and death.

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Lom zlomu

93%

Ébert Zeminová C.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2016

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vol. 54

67-74

EN

This paper deals with the oxymoron — a rhetoric device which connects two words with contradictory or even opposite meanings. In modern French literature, the oxymoron is the most favorite procédé of Maurice Blanchot in whose works it expresses some paradoxes, not only of aesthetical, but also of ontological nature. We suggest that the omnipresent oxymoronic structures determine Blanchot’s conception of the human subject, the language and the writing. This trope is first approached through a triple prism: 1) a psychoanalytical one, where we relate the oxymoron to Freud’s article “The Antithetical Meaning of Primal Words” (1910) for interpreting the oxymoron as one of the archaic principles of the unconsciousness. 2) In a philosophical perspective, the oxymoron can be viewed, in proximity with the Kojève’s anthropological reading of Hegel’s dialectic, as a pattern of the ontological structure of the Dasein defined by the coexistence of the being and the nothingness. 3) Finally, we adopt the point a view of the paraconsistent, non-Aristotelian (post-Aristotelian) logic, which permits us to show the ramification of this figure throughout all textual levels of Blanchot’s fictional and theoretical works. The conclusion points out the analogy between the dialectic of the language and that of the human.

5

Koniec wieku poetów? O zszyciach literatury i filozofii

50%

Zawadzki A.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2022

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issue 37

121-144

EN

The article presents an attempt to outline, from a mainly typological and partly historical perspective, what the author considers the most important varieties of the relationship between philosophy and literature (which is, of course, understood here in a working and broad sense, as poesis). In the first of these varieties, for which the fundamental significance is Plato’s gesture of excluding poets from the state, the philosophical logos defines itself in opposition to literature, or mythos. In the second, which appears to predominate from Aristotle to the 18th century, the relationship between philosophy and literature takes on a more neutral character: the former provides the latter with motifs, themes, topics, mainly related to moral philosophy in the broadest sense, while the latter provides the former with discursive modes, such as genre. Modern aesthetics and the philosophy and theory of literature (fundamentally different from the tradition of the great poets and rhetoricians of the 16th and 17th centuries), which emerged together with transcendental philosophy and its reception in German Romanticism, contributed both to the increased interest among philosophers in literature and to a clear embedding, or even closing, of literature in philosophical notions, which originated mainly in the tradition of transcendentalism and dialectical thought. Finally, the beginning of the twentieth century is distinguished, in most of the major continental philosophical traditions, by a tendency to seek, or to find, in literature the most important partner of philosophical thinking, and sometimes even the identity of philosophy.

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2 Przestrzenie Teorii

1 Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

1 Ethics in Progress

1 Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

1 Kaushal S.

1 Kruszelnicki M.

1 Legrand D.

1 Zawadzki A.

1 Ébert Zeminová C.

2 2022

2 2020

1 2016

Georges Bataille – wypowiedzieć Niemożliwe

Testimony of Death: From Extermination Camps to Clinical Practice: A Discussion with Winnicott, Blanchot and Derrida

Language, Time, and Death. An Ethico-Philosophical Perspective Following Hegel, Heidegger, Lévinas, and Blanchot

Lom zlomu

Koniec wieku poetów? O zszyciach literatury i filozofii