Search results - CEJSH

1

Notes and Queries on Buddhism

100%

Schayer S.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 11, (1935), wyd. 1936

2

Political Power, Religion and Gender: The Case of the Vietnamese in Poland

51%

Szymańska-Matusiewicz G.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2018

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vol. 7

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issue 2

153-164

EN

This paper thoroughly examines the gender patterns of religious activity within the Vietnamese – the largest non-European migrant community in Poland. Basing on the result from anthropological fieldwork which I conducted in two pagodas currently operating in the suburbs of Warsaw I analyse this issue in the light of traditional gender patterns of religious life in Vietnam, as well as in the context of the politicisation of spiritual life under communist rule. The results of my research prove that whether a religious institution will become a ‘women’s sphere’ or will remain under the influence of male actors depends to a great extent on its political emplacement and relations with formal institutions of the Vietnamese state.

3

PIEŚNI MNISZEK (THERĪGĀTHĀ) — STAN BADAŃ I PERSPEKTYWY BADAWCZE

51%

Gruszewska J.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2016

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issue 3

73-83

EN

Songs of the elder nuns (Therīgāthā) is a collection, which can be very interesting for the research in the area of religious studies. It is unique both in ancient Indian literature as well as in the world's religious literature. It constitutes the ninth part of the Khuddaka Nikāya of the Pāli canon. According to Buddhist tradition, it is composed of songs whose authors are the elder nuns (therī) – this is probably the only case where texts authored by women are recognized as part of the official canon of religious texts. The songs that form the collection are composed in the form of hymns bearing the features of personal accounts of nuns describing their path to obtain their liberation. They are often individual biographies, which describe the social origins and the motivations for conversion. This article aims to outline possible areas of research within which Therīgāthā can be analyzed and reflects upon the potential difficulties and limitations faced by researchers of the text.

4

Buddhist Philosophy of the Global Mind for Sustainable Peace

51%

Tanabe J.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2017

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issue 2

17-30

EN

While violence and conflict are the main problems that must be tackled for a peace-ful world, they are caused and sustained through our own thoughts. Though external causes must not be ignored, the most fundamental problem is an epistemological one—our way of knowing and understanding the world. Since its beginning, Buddhism has deepened its analysis of the dynamics of the human mind, both as a root cause of suffer-ing and as a source of harmony. This paper explores how Buddhism's analysis of the human mind can be applied to conflict dynamics, conflict resolution, and building a sustainable peace.

5

Między deifikacją a przemocą symboliczną. Rzecz o ambiwalentnych praktykach wykonywanych przez lamów na ciele rosyjskiego prezydenta

51%

Szmyt Z.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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issue 2(7), Historia i płeć

257–275

XX

In 2009, during the visit of President Dmitry Medvedev in Buryatia, Buddhist authorities proclaimed him an emanation of White Tara - female enlightened energy. Enthronement of the President of the tantric goddess was an attempt at restitution relationship ‘patron-teacher’ formed in the thirteenth century between the rulers of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and Tibetan lamas of the Sakya linage and sometimes used by Buryats in relation to the Russian tsars. Both the local community and the Russian public opinion received this event ambiguously. For some it was an act of total submission of the central government, the other sacrilegious bordering on the absurd. In my opinion, it was one of the episodes of the practice of taming the ruler by subaltern communities. This paper presents the interpretation that enters an event in a number of practices to tame and manipulate Russian hegemony. My argument is that the ambiguity of many social practices is not only a manifestation of cultural pluralism in Buryatia. Rather, it is a strategy of the weak, which allows keeping agency in a situation of enormous disproportion of forces.

6

Triratna Budistlik Kogukond: juhtumiuuring budistlikust kogudusest Eestis

51%

Liiders L.

Mäetagused

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2013

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vol. 53

91–110

EN

This paper provides an overview of the first detailed case study of a Buddhist congregation in Estonia. The object of this study is Triratna Buddhist Community in Estonia, which was established here in 1989 and is part of international Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly known as Friends of the Western Buddhist Order) created in the United Kingdom in 1967. Mainly through oral history and participant observation methods as well as analysis of data presented by different written and oral sources the researcher strives to give an overview of various aspects of activity connected with one particular Buddhist group in Estonia, including its practice, ordination rituals, beliefs and membership characteristics. It also includes a detailed overview of the congregation’s history and its relationship with members of Triratna congregations in Finland and the UK. It presents Buddhism as an emerging new religion in Estonia through a case study of a Western Buddhist ecumenical congregation.

7

Zarys etyki buddyjskiej

51%

Nowosad S.

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vol. 65

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issue 3: Teologia moralna

21-33

EN

This paper offers an outline of an ethical doctrine of Buddhism. In the initial part of the text the fundamental law of dharma is presented, as well as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path leading to a final liberation from suffering. Then the crucial criteria of good and evil acts are considered, also the principal rules of moral behaviour, followed by a few remarks on Buddhist ethics as a form of consequentialism and of virtue ethics. The last part of the paper attempts to apply the fundamental ethical precepts to selected issues like nature, abortion, suicide and euthanasia.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia zarys nauki moralnej buddyzmu. Fundamentalnie odwołuje się ona do powszechnego prawa dharmy, a w centrum posiada naukę o tzw. czterech szlachetnych prawdach oraz ośmiorakiej ścieżce, która prowadzi do osiągnięcia nirwany. Artykuł wyjaśnia również kryteria oceny moralnej czynu, wśród których szczególne znaczenie ma motywacja i intencja sprawcy czynu oraz skutki działania z istotnym ukierunkowaniem na ostateczną wolność od cierpienia. Wyjaśnia się również, w jakim zakresie etyka buddyjska może być rozumiana jako rodzaj etyki cnót czy jako teoria konsekwencjalistyczna. W ostatniej części tekstu podane są przykłady zastosowania norm etyki buddyjskiej do takich zagadnień, jak ekologia, przerywanie ciąży, samobójstwo i eutanazja.

8

Knowing as Acting: Examples from Confucianism and Buddhism

45%

Wang Q.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 4

201-213

EN

We often separate knowing and acting into two distinct tasks to perform and think that one must first know and only then can one act. This also indicates that one can have knowledge without action or one can know what the proper action is yet fail to act. This essay will examine theories of learning/knowing suggested in the Confucian and Bud-dhist traditions and argue that there is a strong tendency in Confucianism and Buddhism that favors engaged knowing over detached knowing and rejects the separation between knowing and acting. The essay will also suggest that the idea of engaged knowing sug-gested in Buddhism and Confucianism will help us reevaluate the representationalist notion of knowledge.

9

On Some Instances of Violence or Killing and Their Justiﬁcation in Christianity and Japanese Buddhism

45%

Ożóg T. A.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2013

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vol. 25

255-273

10

Muzułmanie w buddyjskiej Birmie. Geneza i oblicza konfliktu

45%

Husarski R.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2015

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vol. 14

141-149

EN

The aim of this article is to present contemporary conflict between Muslims and - Buddhists in Burma. Understanding the problem is not possible without presenting the colonial past of this country and its ethnic diversity. Burma is inhabited by over 100 nationalities and social divisions date back to the creation of the first Burmese Empire. In addition, today we can observe radicalization of Theravada Buddhists Theravada world, for example by symposia and conferences published by radical monks, warning against the threat of Islam. In Burma leading figure objecting to the presence of Muslims is a monk U Wirathu. His nationalist "969 Movement" is known for its acts of vandalism against religious minorities. Writing about the situation of Muslims in Burma we can not forget about the situation Rohingya, which the UN has described as "the most persecuted ethnic group in the world".

11

Absurd, czyli pytanie o sens ludzkiej egzystencji. Żółta strzała Wiktora Pielewina

45%

Baczewska-Murdzek A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2017

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vol. XIX/2

85-96

EN

The world in which the heroes of Victor Pelevin’s novel live is a claustrophobic world. The author situates his characters in a destructive space. A Yellow Arrow, a train on the deck of which the action takes place, flashes without stopping at the destroyed bridge. It can be read either as a metaphor for human life marked by the absurdity of existence, or as a grotesque image of Russia’s transition. Turning to what is twisted, Pelevin states that the absurd can be overcome when one realises its existence and communicates with the world of absolute values.

12

On Buddhist and Taoist Morality

45%

Baldwin E.

Forum Philosophicum

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2011

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vol. 16

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issue 2

99-110

EN

Arthur Danto argues that all Eastern philosophies—except Confucianism—fail to accept necessary conditions on genuine morality: a robust notion of agency and that actions are praiseworthy only if performed voluntarily, in accordance with rules, and from motives based on the moral worth and well-being of others. But Danto's arguments fail: Neo-Taoism and Mohism satisfy these allegedly necessary constraints and Taoism and Buddhism both posit moral reasons that fall outside the scope of Danto's allegedly necessary conditions on genuine morality. Thus, our initial reaction, that these eastern philosophies offer genuine moral reasons for action, is sustained rather than overturned.

13

Oko i Skarbiec Prawdziwego Prawa, zwój siódmy: Głęboka wiara w przyczynę-i-skutek

45%

Kigen D., Kanert M.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 1

157-165

EN

Źródło przekładu: Kawamura Kōdō (Red. i przyp.). Dōgen zenji zenshū, dai 2 kan. Tōkyō: Shunjūsha.

14

Bezpieczeństwo i samodoskonalenie jako elementy świętej Drogi Wojownika

45%

Piwowarski J.

Zeszyt Naukowy Apeiron

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2011

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issue 6

231–245

EN

The author of this article is trying to prove that today (as in ancient times) exist people, who commit themselves to self-improvement based on the so-called Warrior’s Way. They have much in common with ancient warriors form the Far East. Moreover, it is the culture of honor that determines the value of different nations and all humanity. Despite the fact, that oriental warfare systems are invariably associated with the concept of physical culture, it is their sense of nobleness that determines their special and unique identity. Today you can find many followers of continuation of their own self-improvement process based on the challenges associated with the achievement of psychophysical perfectionism, which is an integral factor in any martial art. The Warrior’s Knight Way carries lots of character of the martial arts schools, which even today meet the needs of safety and self-realization of a person. Decisive influence here have religious systems of India, Tibet, China, Korea and Japan. The author of this article believes, that the decisive factor of personal development (in the Far East Martial Art) is the Buddhist philosophical-religious system and psychology associated with it. In the background appears here neoconfucianism as a combination of Buddhism and Confucian philosophy of the social organism. Not without a meaning are ideas from Hindu (India), Taoism (China) and Sith religion (Japan). Inherent in the Far East martial arts are the traditional transmission and ritual.

15

Nagarjunakonda: Monasteries and Their School Affiliations

45%

Zin M.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2022

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issue 35

315-344

EN

Narrative representations have not been found in all Buddhist monasteries. In some areas, for instance in the region of modern Sannati in ancient Āndhradeśa, only one stūpa, known today as Kanaganahalli, was decorated with opulent narrative reliefs, while the others display none at all. It appears that some Buddhist schools were interested in narrative representations while others were not. The area now known as Nagarjunakonda – the historical Vijayapurī of the Ikṣvāku dynasty in the 3rd century ce – offers the best opportunity to investigate which monasteries the narrative reliefs came from. Among the approximately 40 Buddhist complexes that have been excavated, some of which actually name the schools the resident monks belonged to, and which were built following different layouts, all narrative reliefs were discovered in only a few of the complexes. All of these complexes show a very similar layout with a stūpa outside the monks’ cells, which are positioned in a U-shape, and two apsidal temples facing each other. One of these complexes gives the name of the related school as Aparamahāvinaśaila. It seems that this school was one of those interested in narrative representations, while all the others mentioned in inscriptions at Nagarjunakonda (Theravādins, Mahīśāsakas, and Bahuśrutīyas) were not.

16

Термины „сансара” и „нирвана” как языковые средства описания картины мира в философской традиции махаяны

44%

Belâkov A. О.

Stylistyka

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2020

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vol. 29

399-410

EN

The article deals with the fundamental concepts of Buddhism – samsara and nirvana, explains their etymology, and application in the philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism. At the end of the article, the author draws conclusions about the need to differentiate the general and particular applications of these concepts in comparative studies on religion, as well as about the variability and heterogeneity of approaches to the consideration of the Buddhist worldview within the Buddhist traditions.

17

Tantrism and Women’s Empowerment in India

38%

Dascăl R.

Gender Studies

|

2012

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vol. 11

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issue Supplement

220-234

EN

It is the purpose of this paper to explore some aspects of Tantrism, an esoteric system of spiritual advancement by the cultivation of physical and psychic resources rooted in the ancient Hindu philosophical concept of shakti. Between 900 and the fifteenth century it not only contributed immensely to feminizing and galvanizing Hinduism, but it also gave rise to a scriptural corpus, rewriting goddess theology, her relation to male deity, her cosmic functions, being at the same time subversive of dominant Brahmanical values and speaking directly to women’s experiences.

18

The Interpenetration of Art and Philosophy in East Asian Poetry: The Metaphysical Threat to the Platonic Hierarchy

38%

Wawrytko S. A.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2014

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issue 1(32)

31-50

EN

Why should art matter to a philosopher? In the context of Asian philosophy it is clear that a distinctive aesthetic underlies artistic expression encountering reality in such diverse art forms as Japanese haiku, Chinese landscape paintings, contemporary Korean cinema, and even Bollywood films. Art has informed and guided politics in Asia, where artist philosophers continue to function as reformers and revolutionaries challenging the status quo en route to connecting with reality. This is especially true in the case of Asian poets. In sharp contrast, the Euro-centric tradition of philosophy has tended to marginalize and even denigrate the arts. Plato famously observed ‘there is an old quarrel between philosophy and poetry’ (Republic, 607b5‒6), seeking to circumscribe the role of poets in his ideal state. This essay will focus on East Asia, both in terms of its historical embrace of poetry and contemporary manifestations. Special emphasis will be given to Buddhist poets from China, Korea, and Japan who wield poetry as a form of upāya or skillful means to evoke, provoke, or document awakening. Buddhist epistemology challenges and dissolves the dualistic preconceptions that assume the existence of an insurmountable divide between ‘self’ and ‘other,’ inner and outer, human and Nature. This may also yield important insights into why Plato and his followers have been so obsessed with the inherent power of the poet to undermine their vision of philosophy and the task of the philosopher

19

Trust in Symbolic Interactionist Research and in Phenomenological Investigation

38%

Konecki K.

Polish Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 207

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issue 3

271-288

EN

We will show some interpretations of trust from two perspectives: symbolic interactionist research and phenomenological qualitative research. Trust could be interpreted in many ways. Generally, the cognitive and “rational” approach prevails in researching trust in social sciences. The everyday life connotation of trust that is created by chance or in unpredictable situations because of unknown and unpredictable conditions could be treated by such research as “irrational”; however, we are interested in those meanings of trust and their research in this paper. The symbolic interactionist perspective will help us to see how the subjective interpretation and situational features influence the creation of trust or distrust. We will analyze trust as an interactive phenomenon. The phenomenological approach could show us the essential features of trust and also its embeddedness in the lifeworld of participants. We will see how the lifeworld is maintained or refused, how routine activities are the basis of trust, and how existential security is created.

20

Religious Diversity for the Sake of Ethnic Unity? Shamanism and Buddhism in Creating Buryat Ethnic Identity

38%

Nowicka E., Poleć W.

Polish Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 206

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issue 2

237-248

EN

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, religious revival has played an important role in the changes taking place in the lives of peoples who inhabit Siberia. Religion has been regarded as one of the most important factors shaping national consciousness and, at the same time, one of the primary means through which national identity can be expressed. Nonetheless, religious diversity can affect this process of forging national bonds. Buryats are a culturally diverse people, divided along religious lines, thus engendering problems when a religious system is implemented for the purposes of modern nation building. Some Buryats advocate for the universal adoption of Buddhism, while others advocate shamanistic beliefs. Tensions arise from the fact that shamanism is prevalent throughout the lands occupied by ethnic Buryats while Buddhism is in fact territorially limited; the latter, however, is still institutionally and territorially more significant.

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