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EN
A model of business communication currently used by companies, based on the financial statements and a number of satellite different themed reports, turns out to be unsatisfying towards high stakeholders’ demands for information. Stakeholders expect environmental, social and corporate governance indicators enclosed in the financial and non-financial information, in a form that provides a complete, consistent, clear, comparable and reliable picture of the corporates’ achievements. Therefore, in this article we analyze whether the Integrated Report (IR) could become a cross-border communication tool of business, which would satisfy the internal and external global environment needs. For this purpose, in the light of the differences in understanding of business responsibility for society between countries on each side of the Atlantic, the “pros” and “cons” of Integrated Reports are considered and the willingness of the business environment on this new form of communication is examined.
EN
Figurative language has always been used in business communication, with metaphoric expressions being its most representative and frequent elements. Metaphor is defined as a transference of the literal meaning of a word into another context, which means that one thing is described in terms of some other thing (M. Long/ J. Richards 1999), e.g. time is money, cash cow, sleeping beauty. It is the notion of either comparison or resemblance that creates the basis for metaphor – instead of the literal meaning of a word or expression native language users can easily produce a metaphoric expression and understand its figurative meaning. Metaphors are culture-specific and they reveal patterns of thought that are characteristic of individuals and of groups (G. Lakoff/ M. Johnson 1980). Business English metaphors can, and indeed do, reflect the values, beliefs and norms that prevail in the language of business communication in English-speaking countries and in many global companies in which English is a lingua franca. Figurative expressions are frequently found to be the preferred way of conveying meaning and business communicators tend to use metaphoric expressions both in written and spoken discourse. In this study popular standard business metaphors were excerpted by hand from three dictionaries: Cambridge Business English Dictionary and Thesaurus, Longman Business English Dictionary (2007), and Oxford Collocations Dictionary (2008). It was arbitrarily assumed that the inclusion of a metaphor into one or more of these dictionaries suggests that it is considered to be a standard (‘dead’) business metaphor. The excerpted metaphors were classified (1) formally, i.e. according to the structure of a given metaphor and (2) semantically, i.e. according to the concept which underlies a given metaphor. The paper also gives examples of ‘living’ (novel) business metaphors excerpted from a small, and therefore not representative, research corpus of articles published in “The Wall Street Journal” on 25 February 2015. The aim of the presented examples of metaphors is to demonstrate how easily novel metaphors can be created. Then, the paper discusses the functions and characteristics of popular metaphors used in typical business situations. Finally, it identifies some of the challenges in metaphor understanding and metaphor usage faced by non-native speakers of business English.
PL
Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest dokonanie charakterystyki cloud computing (przetwarzania w chmurze) pod kątem wykorzystania tego podejścia w biznesie. W artykule przytoczono wybrane definicje terminu cloud computing i scharakteryzowano tego typu rozwiązania. W dalszej kolejności omówiono funkcjonalności wybranych usług CC. Uzyskane wyniki badań mogą okazać się pomocne w usprawnieniu wykorzystania tego typu rozwiązań w biznesie.
EN
The main objective of this paper is to make the characteristics of cloud computing in terms of using this approach in business. The article quoted the selected definitions of the terms cloud computing (CC). They characterized this type of solution. As further discussed functionality of selected services CC. The results obtained may be useful for improving the use of such systems in the business.
EN
In this paper, selected foreign words are presented and analysed in historical quotations from business articles from 1885-1886 (19th century) and 1995-1996 (20th century) to show how business language has changed over a period of 100 years. The end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century were thus chosen because there has been a great technical progress during this period, which resulted in an expansion and change of vocabulary. The study aims to show how business communication had developed, especially in the field of trade and industry, which words remained unaffected by the upheavals, and which came out of use. The focus here is on frequently occurring foreign words as well as expressions with foreign words; interest is also directed at hybrid compounds of both native and a non-native words. The article is part of a longer analysis of economic vocabulary from the 19th and 20th centuries, covering economic areas such as trade, industry, the labour market. The article is based on a longer analysis of economic vocabulary from the late 19th and 20th centuries, covering economic areas such as trade, industry, the labour market and finance. The vocabulary examples are drawn exclusively from the business press. These studies also want to join the contributions dedicated to LSP (languages for specific purposes).
PL
Czynniki wewnętrzne odgrywają coraz bardziej istotną rolę w kształtowaniu strategii biznesowych przez przedsiębiorstwa, dla których kluczowym obszarem skutecznego funkcjonowania na rynku staje się aktywna i wydajna komunikacja wewnętrzna. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania jednej z dróg doskonalenia procesów komunikacji wewnętrznej poprzez zastosowanie mechanizmów komunikacji zdalnej oraz geolokalizacji, możliwych do uzyskania dzięki wykorzystaniu technologii mobilnych. W artykule przedstawiono naturę i znaczenie procesów komunikacji wewnętrznej, jak również scharakteryzowano podstawowe jej obszary. Następnie dokonano analizy wpływu technologii mobilnych na procesy komunikacji wewnętrznej i wskazano przykłady ich doskonalenia z wykorzystaniem omawianych technologii. Przedstawiono również bariery integracji technologii mobilnych i procesów komunikacji wewnętrznej, a także zaproponowano rozwiązania ukierunkowane na minimalizację tych barier.
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