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IN RESPONCE TO TOMASZ CHMIELEWSKI - ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE RZESZÓW PHASE (W odpowiedzi Tomaszowi Chmielewskiemu - o fazie rzeszowskiej raz jeszcze)

100%

Kadrow S.

Przegląd Archeologiczny

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2009

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vol. 57

173-189

EN

The article submits theses of Tomasz Chmielewski, devoted to chronology of the Early and Middle Aeneolithic in South-Eastern part of Poland and published in the previous volume of Przeglad Archeologiczny, to a critical examination.

2

Czas trwania cmentarzysk kultury przeworskiej

100%

Tokarczyk T.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2010

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vol. 5

403-437

EN

Author considers the length of functioning of Przeworsk culture cemeteries on the base of detailed chronology. A half of them was used from 160 to 300 years. Only few cemeteries lasted longer time. Most of them was initiated in two periods: A1 and B2. The end of cemeteries is also mainly dated on two periods: the turn of B2/C1 and the beginning of Migration Period.

3

NOŽE Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ NA SLOVENSKU

88%

Veliačik L.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 2

285 – 342

EN

The study is focused on the assessment of the production and occurrence of bronze knives in the territory of the present-day Slovakia and their typological-chronological classification. The set of the 99 whole, though more often fragmentarily preserved, analysed exemplars is a significant part of the material content of the central Danubian and Carpathian culture, and especially of the Urnfield cultures. A detailed analysis showed, however, an almost unexpectedly non-proportional representation of the analysed kind of products of bronze industry within the relics of Lusatian, central Danubian, south-eastern cultures of urnfields, with surprisingly lower occurrence in such a rich area of developed metallurgy as it existed especially in the Piliny, Kyjatice and Gáva cultures. The scale of finds clearly documents the representation of knives of all basic central European typological groups, made up by exemplars with full, frame, tongue, plate and thorn handle. In the study they are classified into twenty-five types and further variants. A part of Slovak finds displays certain formal differences which, with few exceptions (proposed types Smolenice, Čaka and Horná Seč), and also as a consequence of the finds´ frequent fragmentariness and the absence of a more significant closed whole, did not lead to the creation of new independent types. From the very beginning of the occurrence of bronze knives there were close contacts with south-eastern, and especially with western, part of central Europe. On the contrary, uniqueness can be determined only to a certain extent with the finds typical for a broader central-eastern part of central Europe, or, the Carpathian Basin – so unique in many other products of bronze metallurgy. Due to a favourable situation in the processing of bronze knives in central Europe, Slovak finds could also be classified and compared with knives from other geographical areas nowadays belonging to the territory of Bohemia, Moravia, Germany, Poland, and Austria. The assessed finds inventory is significant also for the occurrence of ten casting moulds documenting local production of knives, especially in the territory of the Slovak branch of Lusatian culture. Of extraordinary importance are especially the moulds from the burial ground in Vyšný Kubín, laid over the urns with assumed graves of specialised metal founders.

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EARLY BLUE GLASS BRACELETS IN THE MIDDLE DANUBE REGION

88%

Březinová G., Venclová N., Frána J., Fikrle M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2013

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vol. 61

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issue 1

107 – 142

EN

Numerous finds of La Tène glass bracelets have come to light recently in south-west Slovakia. Attention has been focused on the dark blue bracelets of Haevernick Groups 3 and 2. Up to now, these bracelets were considered to belong to the very late types, including the blue specimens, with their occurrence limited to LTD. However, it seems that in the case of the blue bracelets, new groups may be defined, based on the decoration of figure-of-eight coils (Group 3b/1, 2b/1) or wavy lines (Group 3b/2, 2b/2), with a distribution in the Middle Danube region, namely in south-west Slovakia, Lower Austria and Moravia. According to find contexts as well as visual characteristics of glass and its decoration, the decorated sub-groups were manufactured in this part of Europe as early as in LTC1, or LTC1b at the latest, the undecorated sub-group 3a in LTC2. In LTD1 the production of bracelets of Groups 3 and 2, undecorated or with a wavy line, continued, but probably in other, most likely western European workshops. Chemical analysis (INAA) of ten samples from Slovakia has placed the analysed bracelets into two groups which had been previously identified in the collection of LTC1 – LTC2 glasses from Němčice in Moravia. It is significant that the blue bracelets, undecorated or with a wavy line, cannot be considered diagnostic artefacts of the LTD phase.It is not possible, at least in the Middle Danube region, to date find contexts in LTD based on their occurrence, as has been commonly the case. The identification of earlier and later specimens within Groups 3 and 2 perhaps will be possible in the future as the result of the application of more precise methods of chemical analysis.

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PERIODIZAČNÉ A SYNCHRONIZAČNÉ SYSTÉMY PRE ŠTÚDIUM DOBY POPOLNICOVÝCH POLÍ NA SLOVENSKU

75%

Mitáš V., Furmánek V.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

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2016

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vol. 20

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issue 2

358 – 378

EN

The authors offer review of systems of periodization and synchronisation dealing with issues of the Urn field period in Slovakia. They refer to the general principles on which chronological and synchronisation models are based, but also on their creation and use. The elements of current periodization of the Bronze Age have being evolved in Europe since the late 19th and the early 20th centuries (O. A. Montelius, P. Reinecke), and these systems were further developed. Specifically, the authors deal with more than twenty systems of periodization and synchronisation, which are gradually discussed and then introduced schematically. These systems were developed by Slovak researchers (M. Novotná, V. Furmánek, S. Demeterová and others) during the 20th and the early 21st centuries. In modified form, these systems are being used to study the Urn field period up to the present day.

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DATING EARLY MEDIEVAL CERAMICS BY THE THERMOLUMINESCENCE METHOD: BUSÓWNO SITE CASE STUDY (Próba datowania ceramiki wczesnosredniowiecznej metoda termoluminescencji: przyklad badan zespolu grodowego w Busównie)

75%

Buko A., Dzienkowski T., Kusiak J.

Archeologia Polski

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2008

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vol. 53

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issue 1

25-49

EN

The Early Medieval stronghold in the Lublin voivodeship was explored archaeologically in 2004–2005. The site, which lies in the riverside zone of the Swinka river, comprises ring-shaped ramparts encircling an area of 7 ha trenches were dug through two of the ramparts, in the inner area of the stronghold and on the so-called mound. The stratigraphical data combined with dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating have confirmed a two-phase development of the site in the tribal (9th-10th century) and early statehood (12th-13th century) periods. Large ceramic assemblages were recovered from the deposits explored in particular features. Seven sherds were dated by the thermoluminescent (TL) dating method. In Polish research, the method is usually applied at the intercrossing of archeology and geology pleistocene deposits. The possibility of dating of younger deposits has generated little interest so far, mostly due to a sustained belief in a still extensive error margin that has made the method less than effective for the middle ages. TL age is the quotient of the archaeological dose (AD) and the annual dose (DR). Radioisotope concentration measurements were made by the gamma spectrometric method for parts of the mineral deposits with a mass of about 600 g and pottery samples weighing from 60 to 100 g in the form of round plates c. 60 mm in diameter. TL age estimates confirmed the two-phase chronology of the ceramic selected material. The dating for all ceramic samples from group 1 fell within the time range between A.D. 717 and 1102 . In four cases the results ranged between A.D. 717 and 947 falling within the chronological timeframe assumed for group 1. An interesting experiment was the 'double' dating of sample Lub-4350, giving a TL age estimate of A.D. 784-928 compared to 14C dating of A.D. 860-1000. These dating appears promising at this early stage of the research providing two kinds of information: concerning the firing date of a given vessel and a potential dating of the context. At the present stage of the research, the scope of effective TL method usefulness for dating Early Medieval ceramics cannot be fully evaluated. The analyses series is still too small on a site which has yet to be investigated comprehensively.The TL age estimates obtained for the site have been burdened with an error margin of 6-7%, allowing them to be correlated with the results of 14C and dendrochronological dating. There are still many limiting factors at this stage of the research, resulting from the method's imperfections as well as from the little attention paid to contextual data: further close and continuous cooperation between the archaeologist and the physicist is demanded. The TL age estimates obtained for the stronghold are a reason for optimism, leading one to express the hope that the method will soon be accepted as an effective dating technique for Early Medieval as well as prehistoric materials. 7 Figures, 4 Tables.

7

ORIGINS AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE BLATNICA-MIKULČICE PARADIGM

75%

Robak Z.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 1

99 – 162

EN

The paper presents a compilation of the current knowledge on the so called ‘Blatnica deposit’ and its individual components, extended by a series of the author ś own studies dedicated particularly to the gilded set of bronze fittings. The article is divided into two main parts: the first one presents a more focused perspective on the issue and provides all the necessary pieces of information about each part of the deposit together with respective chronological and stylistic findings. The second part, on the other hand, introduces a broader perspective, embedding the history of the deposit and studies on it in the methodological context proposed by Thomas S. Kuhn. Based on the Kuhnian model of science and the concept of paradigm the aouthor has analysed and then decomposed the so called Blatnica-Mikulčice Horizon concept that proved to be based, at best, on some misunderstandings or, at worst, on a hoax. Detailed typological and stylistic analyses of these items became a starting point for re-evaluation of their chronology and led him to draw a conclusion that the youngest components of the deposit cannot be older than the second third of the 9th century. Both the archive query and the analysis of archaeological sources seem to disprove arguments used to support the hypothesis that the ‘Blatnica collection’ served as equipment of a nobleman grave. Most probably it was only a loose collection of relics coming from different and so far unknown sources, later transferred in bulk to the museum. Therefore it seems reasonable to conclude that the source value of the ‘Blatnica relics’ has long been overestimated and in any case should no longer serve as a chronological benchmark for other archaeological materials.

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THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT FROM BRUNN WOLFHOLZ IN LOWER AUSTRIA AND THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LOW BOWLS WITH SHARPLY CURVED WALl

75%

Stadler P., Kotova N.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 2

107-228

EN

This article is devoted to an analysis of low bowls with sharply curved wall, which are interpreted as one of the oldest type of vessels of the Linear Pottery culture. These bowls are numerous in a collection of the Brunn 2 settlement located near Vienna in Lower Austria. The typology of this group of low bowls is offered on the base of Brunn 2 materials together with low bowls of the Early Neolithic sites of the Danube region and old Linear Pottery culture. The authors can define five types of low bowls with sharply curved wall. Four of them appeared during the Early Neolithic in the Danube region and became numerous during the formative phase of the Linear Pottery culture. All types were concentrated at the sites of the oldest Linear Pottery culture in Hungary and Austria, from where during the Bina-Bicske phase the tradition of making these bowls spread up the Morava River and its tributaries to Moravia. Later during the Milanovce phase of this culture this tradition penetrated along the Danube River to the South of Germany and then it diffused along the left tributaries of the Danube to the right tributaries of the Rhine. In that time these bowls appeared at the old Linear Pottery sites of the river head of Elbe and in the Oder basin too.

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De la concordance chronologique entre les astynomes sinopeens du sous-group VI D et les eponymes rhodiens de la période IIb

75%

Avram A.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2010

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vol. 46

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issue 1-2

169-176

EN

The treatment of the amphora stamps discovered in the Getian fortified settlement of Satu Nou (on the Lower Danube) and in the fort of Albesti (in the territory of Callatis) reveals that the Sinopean stamps of group VI D are contemporary to the Rhodian ones of Period IIb. The last two or three Sinopean astynoms and the last three Rhodian eponyms attested in Albesti are lacking in Satu Nou. According to this chronological scale, Satu Nou seems to have been abandoned about 213 and Albesti about 210 B.C.

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VRÁBLE-VEĽKÉ LEHEMBY: EINE SIEDLUNGSGRUPPE DER LINEARKERAMIK IN DER SÜDWESTSLOWAKEI. VORBERICHT ÜBER DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER JAHRE 2010 UND 2012 UND DEUTUNGSANSÄTZE

75%

Furholt M., Bátora J., Cheben I., Kroll H., Rassmann K., Tóth P.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 2

227 – 266

EN

The early Neolithic settlements at Vráble-Veľké Lehemby were discovered in 2009 and surveyed in the years 2010 and 2012. Three extraordinarily large settlements are located directly beside each other in an area of more than 50 ha. Through geomagnetic investigations a minimum number of 316 houses and an enclosure could be identified. In 2012, the first systematic surveys, sediment cores and small-scale excavations were carried out on one of the settlements and showed preservation conditions that hold great potential for the study of palaeoeconomy, material culture and patterns of local and regional social interactions. Botanical and zoological data have been preliminarily investigated and are presented here, as is the ceramic material from surveys and excavations. The latter enables us to date the site to the late Linear Pottery culture and Želiezovce group. The enclosure consists of two parallel ditches with six gaps indicating entrances. The excavation of the outer ditch revealed a complex history of fills and at least one re-cutting incident. A preliminary interpretation of the inner ditch as the remnants of a palisade could not be verified. The excavation of house 39 within the enclosure revealed a single-phase post-built house of the late Linear Pottery culture. The two parallel long-pits along its side showed different re-filling processes and larger events of refuse deposition. The excavations confirmed the interpretation of the magnetometer plan, thereby qualifying the geomagnetic data, which enables us to use the geomagnetic plan as a basis for models of intra-site chronological developments. Different variants of possible organisational principles discussed within the Linear Pottery research community are presented. These are dependent on the validity of different possible chronological models for the development within and between the three sites in Vráble. These models have to be tested by further excavations in order to identify the structures of internal settlement organisation, which have far-reaching connotations for our understanding of early Neolithic societies in southern Central Europe.

11

LAUTERHOFEN. STRUCTURES OF CEMETERY AND CHRONOLOGICAL RELATION TO ALTENERDING (Lauterhofen. Strukturen des Graberfeldes und chronologisches Verhaltnis zu Altenerding)

75%

Pleterski A.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 1

61-80

EN

Lauterhofen lies northwest of Regensburg in Germany. A necropolis dating to the second half of the 7th and the first half of the 8th centuries is situated here. The paper first synchronises chronologically Lauterhofen with the cemetery Altenerding. This is possible due the development of glass-beads and saxes. In the second part of the paper the space-structures of Lauterhofen are analysed. The area of the cemetery is organized such that the place of burial could symbolize the gender, age and social status of the deceased. The measuring system of the necropolis corresponds with religious and astronomical foundations and furthermore, it repeats itself in the topography of the mythical surrounding landscape.

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IN RESPONCE TO TOMASZ CHMIELEWSKI - ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE RZESZÓW PHASE (W odpowiedzi Tomaszowi Chmielewskiemu - o fazie rzeszowskiej raz jeszcze)

Czas trwania cmentarzysk kultury przeworskiej

NOŽE Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ NA SLOVENSKU

EARLY BLUE GLASS BRACELETS IN THE MIDDLE DANUBE REGION

PERIODIZAČNÉ A SYNCHRONIZAČNÉ SYSTÉMY PRE ŠTÚDIUM DOBY POPOLNICOVÝCH POLÍ NA SLOVENSKU

DATING EARLY MEDIEVAL CERAMICS BY THE THERMOLUMINESCENCE METHOD: BUSÓWNO SITE CASE STUDY (Próba datowania ceramiki wczesnosredniowiecznej metoda termoluminescencji: przyklad badan zespolu grodowego w Busównie)

ORIGINS AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE BLATNICA-MIKULČICE PARADIGM

THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT FROM BRUNN WOLFHOLZ IN LOWER AUSTRIA AND THE PROBLEM OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE LOW BOWLS WITH SHARPLY CURVED WALl

De la concordance chronologique entre les astynomes sinopeens du sous-group VI D et les eponymes rhodiens de la période IIb

VRÁBLE-VEĽKÉ LEHEMBY: EINE SIEDLUNGSGRUPPE DER LINEARKERAMIK IN DER SÜDWESTSLOWAKEI. VORBERICHT ÜBER DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER JAHRE 2010 UND 2012 UND DEUTUNGSANSÄTZE

LAUTERHOFEN. STRUCTURES OF CEMETERY AND CHRONOLOGICAL RELATION TO ALTENERDING (Lauterhofen. Strukturen des Graberfeldes und chronologisches Verhaltnis zu Altenerding)