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Punishing (Non-)Citizens

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EN
If sociologists are to be trusted, reflexivity, focused on itself and devoid of any religious or at least ideological framework, leads to the weakening of control mechanisms. Such changes are accompanied by the polarization of social classes and by the exclusion of the so-called underclass (which certainly includes a vast majority of criminals) from the civil society. In the doctrine of criminal law of “mature modernism”, within the framework of a liberal-democratic state, the civil society, together with the idea of communication, is supposed to constitute a central reference point in the research on criminal liability. Reflexivity brings up new problems. New citizen-oriented criminal law is being shaped, based upon mediation and communication (e.g. restorative justice, Expressive Theory). The civil society does not include the area of politics or political nature of things, where the problem is not the justification of the punishment but the effectiveness of mere spatial isolation. In this sense, it is difficult to talk about the merits of the emancipation of an individual from the limitations imposed by the society. The weakening of any external authority and of political duties owed to the state is replaced by self-control proper to reflexive modernity only in cases where the individuals have adequate intellectual and ethical predispositions. Disappearance of the influence of external rules and values together with the mechanism of exclusion from the civil society results in the weakening of self-control and in selfish care only about one’s own perspective (but also in repressive subordination by the state). Such a state of affairs creates favourable conditions for objectifying criminal liability, abandoning the concept of guilt, and for attempts to provide an ethical justification of penalty – which are concepts taken from the “world of citizens”.
EN
The reviewer claims that Rafał Mańko’s monograph ‘Towards a critical philosophy of adjudication. The political, ethics, legitimacy’ (Łódź, 2018) should be connected with the so called essentialist wing of postmodernism, which deals with the issues of traditional philosophy under the veil of cognitive skepticism. The review attempts to convince a reader that the author’s authoritative metaphysical statements translate into too radical program in the field of adjudication. The reviewer do not deny the necessity to ‘open’ the traditional legal domain to external arguments, however, he claim that the proposal presented in this regard by Rafał Mańko is too far-reaching.
PL
Stawiam tezę, że monografia Rafała Mańko „W stronę krytycznej filozofii orzekania. Polityczność, etyka, legitymizacja” (Łódź, 2018) wpisuje się w tzw. esencjalistyczny odłam postmodernizmu, gdzie za fasadą sceptycyzmu poznawczego lansowane są projekty, które nie porzucają roszczeń tradycyjnej filozofii. Próbuję przekonać czytelnika, że apodyktyczne twierdzenia metafizyczne autora książki przekładają się na zbyt radykalny przekaz normatywny w zakresie orzekania. O ile nie neguję konieczności „otwarcia” tradycyjnej domeny prawniczej na argumenty zewnętrzne, o tyle uważam, że propozycja przedstawiona w tym zakresie przez Rafała Mańko jest zbyt daleko idąca.
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