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ABSTRAKCIA A IDEALIZÁCIA AKO METÓDY SPOLOČENSKO-HUMANITNÝCH DISCIPLÍN

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Halas J.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
71 - 89
EN
The methods of abstraction and idealization are commonly viewed as basic to both the natural and the social sciences. Since the 1970s, they have been also a focus of attention in the philosophy and methodology of science. However, their nature as methods, i.e., sequences of instructions, has not been adequately explicated. The paper attempts to capture the core of these methods in the sense of the simplified sequences of instructions. The proposal is illustrated in a reconstruction of the application of both methods in economics as a representative of the social sciences.
2

Rozwój fizyki w perspektywie filozofii

100%
Szumakowicz E.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2013
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vol. 41
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issue 2
61 - 73
EN
The main thesis of the article is that the revolutionary development of physics around the beginning of the 20th century was essentially conceptual, not empirical. Mechanical, electromagnetic, and optical phenomena needed a unified conceptual framework. This was achieved by the replacement of the Galilean transformation by the Lorentz transformation. But the basis and rationale for the Lorentz symmetry of inertial frames is fundamentally a priori. The role of empirical observation is auxiliary rather than justificational. One may conclude that Albert Einstein conceived his famous theory in his pure mind and reason. But one must also add with some melancholy that such great discoveries, achieved with such limited means, are impossible in the future development of physics. The uniqueness of the above revolution is analogous to that of the point zero on the diagram of exponential function.
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