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EN
Three constructions meaning the limit of an action were analysed. The first one - 'do oporu' - indicates intentional action and means limit of physical abilities of a person or communicates that he / she does not want to perform an action anymore. The construction 'do upadlego' is necessary connected with conscious action, and 'do utraty tchu' means that the action will end spontaneously.
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EN
Polish nouns ANTAGONISTA and AGONISTA, when used in medical and pharmacological terminology (meaning chemical substances), show that Polish grammatical gender 'M1' (masculin-personal) gradually loses its natural/biological meaning. According to the normative approach, nominative and accusative plural of the nouns in question should be: 'antagonisty' and 'agonisty'. But, on the other hand, these forms could be created by analogy to a large group of Polish masculin-personal nouns ending with -ista (nominative plural: 'antagonisci/agonisci', accusative plural: 'antagonistów/agonistów'). In everyday language, the latter forms are used much more often than the forms recommended by Polish linguists
EN
The adverbs 'z kretesem' (utterly) and 'na amen' (for good) refer in different ways to the concept of the boundary. The unit 'z kretesem' comments on actions, not the later states. It expresses a subjective opinion of the speaker who estimates the result of the action as a loss. For 'na amen' however, it is primary to comment on states, not on actions. Because it is impossible to know or even only see that something was done 'na amen', this adverb expresses the speaker's opinion, which is not connected with his knowledge but with his subjective estimation independent of the real situation.
EN
The article aims at analysing a language of internet chats on syntactic level. The author compares syntactic structures of internet chats and phone talks. The analysis indicates that in a case of a polilog as well as on a level of elementary utterance internet chats shows the same syntactic tendencies as phone talks. The language of chats may be situated on a border of phone talk, written letters and spoken language but the syntactic 'core' remains generally unchanged.
EN
The authoress presents new idioms containing a word 'kapelusz', belonging into two families based on phrases:' wyciagnal kogos/cos jak krolika z kapelusza' and 'ktos chodzi z kapeluszem' (someone pull out something like a rabbit from a hat / someone is walking with a hat). She analyses metaphorical motivation of the idioms referring to two schematically imagined situations, interpreted as a source of the conventionalised metaphorical expressions. She also presents syntactic classification of the idioms and defines the scope of their variantivity. The results of the study may be used in lexicography.
EN
The paper deals with names of an electronic device called technically USB Flash Disk, that are used in everyday Polish. Borrowings, calques, translated forms of various types and original Polish terms are under analysis. The linguistic data were collected by polling first grade students of Polish Philology. Then the words from the list were queried in the Internet, to verify if they are not in use by single user or a small group of users.
EN
The article deals with ways of presentation of feminine names of professions, titles, offices in the three dictionaries (Slownik współczesnego jezyka polskiego' ed. B. Dunaj, 'Inny slownik jezyka polskiego' ed. M. Banko, 'Uniwersalny slownik jezyka polskiego' ed. S. Dubisz). Not only derivates were considered but also other ways of indicating that a masculine noun may be used as feminine (ceasing of inflection and change of grammatical gender, possibility of ad sensum connection with attribute and predicate). Analysed nouns were divided into three groups: 1) names of academic titles 2) names of offices 3) names of professions.
EN
The article deals with the syntactic and semantics features of one of the basic verbs of sensual perception in contemporary Polish. The verb of auditory perception 'uslyszec' is represented here by the lexical unit '(ktos) uslyszal (cos)' and confronted with the unit '(ktos) slyszy (cos)'. It is sometimes stated, that verbs 'slyszec' and 'uslyszec' are to make aspectual pair. It is proved here as untrue and the following explication of the '(ktos) uslyszal (cos)' unit is proposed: '(ktos(i)) uslyszal (cos(j)): (a) something(w) what(w) happened in someone's(i) ears and is such that (a') it is not true that something(w) can happen in another part of someone's(k) body, and (a'') something(j) is such that may cause that something(w) happens in someone's(k) ears, (b) something(w) caused that someone(i) can begin to know something(l) about something(j)'.
EN
The article deals with acronyms that come from English and function in contemporary Polish, spoken and written. The authoress shows the variety of forms and states that their spelling and pronunciation should be in accordance with Polish linguistic norm.
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