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1
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POINT G. FROM THE EAST TO THE WEST - OR TOWARDS THE CENTRE (Punkt G. Ze wschodu na zachód - czyli w strone centrum)

100%
Robotycki A.
|
2009
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1-2(284-285)
356-373
EN
During his stay in France the author ironically observed daily reality and its representations. The point of departure for his reflections is the word 'greve' and its toponym and, simultaneously, alternation: 'Grave'. Both words are a mere pretext for describing two cultural phenomena, i. e. the strike and mountain tourism, which have very little in common, although it is possible to discern certain joint elements, such as time. Evidently, the author did not want to impose his own approach to the phenomena in question, being aware of their complexity. This is the reason why many questions remain without an answer. By demonstrating assorted possibilities of examining reality, the texts refers to, e. g. phenomenological, semiological or structural reflection. By way of example, in a fragment about the strike the author recalls the omnipresent Bourdieu legacy in French sociology, while in a part about the mountains he indicates that their phenomenological version is just as invisible as the town of Calvino but does not possess the character of the non-places devised by Marc Augé.
2
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'PARKOWA\' IN THE CRACOW DISTRICT OF PODGÓRZE ('Parkowa' na krakowskim Podgórzu)

100%
Kurpiel A., Malawski W.
|
2009
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vol. 63
|
issue 1-2(284-285)
47-51
EN
The article is an attempted anthropological analysis of the Parkowa Educational-School Centre in the Cracow district of Podgórze. The authors aim to tell a multi-tiered story about an unusual place, deeply embedded in local history, and despite its past, still active. The present-day 'Parkowa' centre for juvenile delinquents is located in the villa of a Gestapo officer named Beckmann. The first part of the text deals with the specificity of a 'semi-open' educational centre. This feature consists of permitting the young person to decide whether he wishes to be a patient treated for social dysfunctions or an inmate forced to escape an oppressive punishment apparatus. The authors study the impact upon the young people of the untypical layout of the interiors, their aesthetic, the villa character of the building and its unique past. The authors go on to consider the villa's history, which still remains present in the awareness of the local residents, and involves both the second world war and the more distant past of 'Parkowa' and the Podgórze surrounding. 'Parkowa' is a magical place, where events and places from the past return in new embodiments and characters, where history intermingles with the present, and knowledge with legend. The centre is situated on a crossing of the coordinates of history and space, freedom and isolation, knowledge and legend, and its transcendental nature is supplemented by its location in a borderline part of the town - a former boundary of Cracow.
3

CRACOW TESTAMENTS FROM THE TURN TO THE MODERN ERA IN THE LIGHT OF THE MAGDEBURG LAW (Testamenty krakowskie z przelomu sredniowiecza i nowozytnosci wobec zasad dziedziczenia wedlug prawa magdeburskiego)

80%
Sowina U.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2010
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vol. 58
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issue 2
185-189
EN
The article is based on investigating 612 testaments registered before the year 1545 in Cracow court records (three books of testaments as well as alderman and councillor books) preserved in the State Archive in Cracow. The testaments were confronted with the rules of the Magdeburg Law, which was operative in Cracow, collected in the Magdeburg Weichbild (Ius municipale) and in the Sachsensspiegel, which covers civil and criminal law as well as procedural law, supplemented in the 15th-16th c. with the rulings of Magdeburg councillors and the resolutions of the city council of Cracow. The analysis indicates that the disposition of property in testaments followed the Magdeburg Law; moreover, it often was an additional confirmation of the regulations. This was probably the best way to implement the property strategies of Cracow families. The analysis revealed several recurrent elements decisive in the disposition of the bequeathed property. Those included: decisions concerning the testator's living spouse, which are listed as the most important ones, then decisions on legal heirs, legacies to the Church, monasteries and charitable institutions, and legacies to people whom the testator wanted to favour specially or to whom he/she had some obligations. Testaments also commonly included lists of the debts owed by and/or to the testator, which were so extensive that last wills often played the role of final financial statements. They also functioned as probate inventories, especially as concerned the movables that the testator was entitled to bequeath according to his/her wish (excluding geradae and armae bellicae, which were inherited by law as hereditates).
4
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ON THE PAPER CUT-OUTS OF KAROL FRYCZ

80%
Kuchtowna L.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
|
2005
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vol. 67
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issue 3-4
293-298
EN
Karol Frycz learnt to compose pictures from pieces of paper as a student of the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule (in 1902-3) during the lectures of Alfred Roller. From 1904 he created paper cut-outs according to his own, original method. Paintings, architecture and birds were the most commonly chosen subjects. The cut-outs proved very popular, being hung among other places in the headquarters of the Society of Polish Applied Arts (TPSS) and Jan Michalik's confectionery shop, being eulogised in the cabaret repertoires of the 'Zielony Balonik' (Green Balloon) and other forms of recognition, official as well as less formal; including exhibitions of art from the 'Mloda Polska' (Young Poland) movement. They were also associated with Japanese woodcuts. In the collections of the National Museum in Cracow are to be found two pictures by Frycz: 'Hen with her Brood' (1903) and 'Guinea-fowl in the Garden' (1906). Inaccurately dated 1913, they were mistakenly connected with the later technique of cubist collage. From 1907 no paper cut-outs are recorded in the creative work of Karol Frycz.
5

THE BREWERY MEASURES USED IN CRACOW IN THE 16TH C. (Krakowskie miary piwowarskie w XVI wieku)

80%
Dryja S.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2011
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vol. 59
|
issue 1
3-24
EN
The skill of beer-making was not alien to ancient communities and in the Middle Ages brewing became a major craft. The methods of production developed then have survived until the present. The process of brewing consists basically of two phases: the production of malt in the malt-house and the production of beer in the brewery. Although the crafts of the maltster and the brewer were distinct, the representatives of these professions in Cracow belonged to one guild, together with inn-keepers. The basic measure used in brewing in those times was war, which meant the amount of beer that could be obtained in one production cycle. The amount was relatively stable; it was established on the basis of the number of barrels of specified capacity which were filled after each cycle. The amount of malt used for one war was also stable; all those quantities were subject to detailed regulations. The author has estimated the weekly, monthly and yearly output of a single brewery, as well as the total production of beer within the city walls of Cracow. In the 16th c. in Cracow beer was made exclusively of wheat malt. The portion of malt needed for one war was prepared from 14 cwiertnias of raw grain. The ready malt had to be milled. Cracow burghers had no mills of their own; the mills belonged to the king and were located outside the city walls. Malt was milled in two mills, called Kamienny and Kutlowski. Since one tenth of the malt was due to the mill as a fee, the brewer got back about 12 cwiertnias of malt. An average Cracow brewery was equipped with a wooden mash tun, a wooden filter tank, a copper or iron tank for boiling water and wort with hops, and some smaller utilities. Brewing was done in cellars, usually situated under the front building. Fermenters were kept there, as well as the newly brewed beer which matured in barrels. The single war of beer, measured by the amount of malt used for mash, was a fixed quantity. Also the amount of beer obtained was stable. It was measured by the number of barrels the brewer was obliged to fill, which was 28 barrels of 62 garniecs each. The situation was changed after 1565, when the Piotrków regulations were passed, changing the volume of a single barrel to 72 garniecs and the output of a war to 25 barrels. This changed the war from 1736 to 1800 garniecs. For unknown reasons those regulations were abolished by the Seym held in Warsaw in 1598. Smaller quantities of beer were measured with the use of wooden quarts (corresponding to contemporary pints) and canfuls, which were first described by monetary terms (for a grosz, for half a grosz and for a szelag) and then by their capacity (of a garniec, half a garniec, or a quart). With time, the vessels became smaller, which created a false impression that the price of beer was relatively stable. The quart was the basic retail measure; canfuls of beer were sold as takeaway. About 120-140 breweries worked regularly within the city walls. In order to investigate the production of beer and malt it is necessary to reconstruct the system of measures applied in this industry. Since every larger brewing centre in Europe had its own system of measures, their output is not easy to compare, which makes it difficult to establish the importance of brewing for the economy of particular centres. Thus, historical data have to be converted into contemporary units. According to A. Falniowska-Gradowska, a korzec was 38.47 litres and a cwiertnia - 115.42 litres. A garniec, according to various authors, was between 2.6998 and 2.7482 litres. There are no data as to the volume of a beer barrel. Assuming the above figures for garniec, the capacity of a 62-garniec barrel was ca 167.39 - 172.62, and of a 72-garniec one 194.39 - 197.87 litres. The amount of malt used for one war was 1417.5 - 1500.46 litres (which corresponds to 850-990 kilograms). With the production exceeding 5000 wars per annum, the demand for malt reached 4500-5000 tons. A quart, the measure that was most important for the average inhabitant of Cracow, was 0.675-0.687 litres, so the 'pint' of that time was larger than the modern one. A single war was 4686.92 - 4770.88 (or, according to the Piotrków regulations, 4859.75 - 4946.75) litres of beer. Hence, the average output of a Cracow brewery was about 1500 hectolitres (in 1557/1558 1552-1582 hl, in 1567/1568 1780 - 1816 hl, in 1594 1213 - 1236 hl) per annum, with the maximal production capacity exceeding 5000 hl. Thus, the brewing industry in Cracow had considerable reserves, which allowed the producers to react promptly to the changing demand. The production of beer in the 16th c., reaching from 130 000 to 270 000 hl, placed Cracow among the leading European brewing cities of that time. The calculations presented in the article concern only the production of beer within the city walls, excluding Kleparz and Kazimierz, which were separate towns then. The yearly output fluctuated considerably, even by several dozen percent, which was typical of all European towns at that time. Between 1450 and the beginning of the 17th c. the production of beer reached its peak, and the traditional borderline between the 'wine-drinking' and the 'beer-drinking' Europe moved to the south. In some regions the rapid increase of beer production exceeded the growth of the population.
6
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Urodzenia pozamałżeńskie w podkrakowskiej parafii Raciborowice w XVII–XVIII wieku w świetle ksiąg metrykalnych

80%
Wyżga M.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2010
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vol. 29
157-171
EN
The author of the text examined out-of-wedlock births in the 17th and 18th century in the Raciborowice parish, located northeast of Cracow, on the basis of the parish registers. There were approximately as many out-of-wedlock children baptised in the parish as in other rural parishes of the time. According to the author, the 5% rate of such events is a proof of under-registration of such baptisms. Clergymen entering the information to the registers sometimes (by means of narration) manifested their reluctance to baptise out-of-wedlock children. Birthfathers were rarely registered. Mothers of the out-of-wedlock children were either single or they co-habited with the fathers. Servants were most numerous among them. Moreover, the presence of women belonging to the group of loose people was related to the proximity of main routes and to the City of Cracow. It also affected the number of out-of-wedlock births.
7

Krakowska liber testamentorum jako źródło do badań społeczeństwa miasta późnośredniowiecznego (zarys problematyki)

80%
Wysmułek J.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2011
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vol. 59
|
issue 3-4
304-312
EN
The article characterises a group of Cracow burghers from the 15th and 16th c. whose testaments were included in the Cracow liber testamentorum between 1427 and 1543. The book contains 292 records of testaments from that period, among them several mentions of new versions of earlier testaments or their supplements. Only a partial correlation was established between the increased number of testaments in certain years and the dates of epidemics in Cracow. A clear correlation can be assumed in the case of the epidemics of 1482 (12 testaments) and of 1543 (40 testaments). As far as the language is concerned, more testaments were written in German than in Latin until the end of the 15th c.; the tendency changed in the 16th c., when Latin started to dominate. This phenomenon was probably caused by the increasing influence of the renaissance and of Polish gentry culture on the German -language culture of Cracow burghers. In the period discussed about 30% of the testaments recorded in the book were made by women. This was a general tendency which is also evidenced in other large mediaeval towns. One hundred testators from the years 1427-1467 were examined more closely to estimate their wealth. This was done by analysing the value of dowries, which were specified in 49 cases, and other mentions that indicated the testators’ financial standing. It was estimated that over a half of the testators were very affluent, while only 10 were relatively poor. The analysis showed that the testators recorded in the liber testamentorum were primarily rich and very rich, with men dominating. The group, however, was not homogenous, and the tendencies connected with the language of testaments, as well as the relatively small impact of epidemics on the number of testaments, suggest that there might have been other, unidentified factors that induced burghers to draw up testaments and record them in the town register. Further research on the whole collection of Cracow testaments will help to understand the character of this book and to discover the principle by which Cracow councillors decided to register particular testaments in it.
8

Testamenty wójtów krakowskich z ksiąg miejskich Krakowa drugiej połowy XV i początku XVI wieku

80%
Radomski T.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 2
312-318
EN
The hereditary vogtship was abolished in Cracow at the beginning of the 14th century after the vogt Albert mutiny. Since that time a judicial vogt was appointed by a monarch or a vogtship lease-holder. In that period the office was often held by members of urban elites – patricians, councillors, aldermen – as it was a lucrative investment. In 1475 control over the vogtship was gained by the Cracow council. After that date the office was restricted for members of communitas and councillors were forbidden to hold it. Between 1446 and 1507 ten different persons acted as judicial vogts in Cracow. Wills of only two of them were found in Cracow urban records. The will of Hartlib Parchiwcz (died 1466) dated August 19, 1466, and the will of Grzegorz Myślemicky (died 1507) dated 1507. Analysis of the documents showed specific similarities of those testaments. Noticeably, there were no devotional clauses and pious bequests. The wills were of strictly financial character. Moreover, they were rather lists of debts and unfinished transactions than divisions of property. It might be argued that vogts as law practitioners acknowledged that there was no necessity to give specific dispositions as urban law regulated inheritance rules. The wills were also a basis for prosopography studies on Cracow vogts. Lists of debtors and creditors mentioned in the documents allowed to explore the business and social circle of those officials. The investigation showed that the vogts were members of governing and social elite; however, they did not belong to financial elite. Although the source material is very limited, a hypothesis that appointment to Cracow vogtship (before as well as after the control over the institution was gained by Cracow council) helped in social advancement might be made; future studies are necessary to answer this question.
9

SÚČASNÝ SLOVAKISTICKÝ VÝSKUM NA FILOLOGICKEJ FAKULTE JAGELOVSKEJ UNIVERZITY (A OSTATNÝCH KRAKOVSKÝCH PRACOVISKÁCH)

80%
Babik Z., Papierz M., Mieczkowska H.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2023
|
vol. 88
|
issue 3
284 – 298
EN
The paper presents the research on the Slovak language carried out in Cracow since 2000, focusing on book publications. The main subject of interest was Slovak-Polish contrastive studies involving literary languages, led by specialized linguists affiliated at the Department of the Slavonic Philology of the Jagiellonian University (H. Mieczkowska: numerals, dynamics of the nominal inflection, recent changes in the lexical subsystems; M. Papierz: pronouns, semantic syntax; E. Orwińska: interjections, secondary prepositions). Apart from these, the Slovak linguistic material is constantly used by historical linguists, etymologists, onomasticians and dialectologists (both Polonists and Slavists) working in Cracow. The latter direction seems at the same time to be the most promising for the future.
10

DIE SIGISMUNDKAPELLE IN KRAKAU — ODER DIE RENAISSANCEFORSCHUNG ZWISCHEN DEM WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN DISKURS DER STALINZEIT UND DEM VENEZIANISCHEN SPIEGEL DES EISERNEN VORHANGS

70%
Balus W.
ARS
|
2015
|
vol. 48
|
issue 2
145 – 159
EN
The Sigismund Chapel, a work of Bartolomeo Berrecci from the years 1515-1533, holds a very important position in the history of Polish art. In the Stalinist understanding the Sigismund Chapel presented a unified work. Everything that reminded of decorative elements (especially the figures of saints) has been removed from the analysis, or at least suppressed of their Christian testimony. In this way interpreted chapel may become an expression of realism disposed of progressive socio-economic development and thus a "home" product without medieval asceticism and religiosity. In Kalinowski’s text “The artistic and ideological contents of Sigismund Chapel” the work was taken out of the Stalinist ideology and brought back the Latin culture of Europe.
11

MIKULÁŠ STANO A JEHO POLONOFILNÉ POSTOJE V MEDZIVOJNOVOM OBDOBÍ

70%
Matula P.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2019
|
vol. 23
|
issue 1
109 – 121
EN
The article aims to map and analyze the development of Mikuláš Stano´s polonophilic attitudes in the 1920s and 1930s. The principal intention is to detect the beginnings of his Polish orientation and his following activities in this area. Mikuláš Stano was not just a translator, but also a propagator of Polish culture and influence in Slovakia. He began his orientation to Poland with scholarship stays in Jagiellonian University in Cracow and continued by writing to Professor Władysław Semkowicz. Mikuláš Stano remained faithful his polonophilic attitudes to the end of his life.
12

Wykaz dochodów z dziesięcin prepozytury krakowskiej z 1449 roku

70%
Knapek E.
Roczniki Historyczne
|
2012
|
vol. 78
223-229
EN
In the manuscript 7534 of the Scientific Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow there survives one parchment folio containing a list of tithe income of Cracow prepositure from 1449. This source was discovered and briefly discussed by Józef Szujski as early as the 1870’s. Because of the poor physical condition of the document, however, it has not been presented in more detail in literature until now. The list is the oldest list of prebendary income in the diocese of Cracow. It contains data on 30 out of 34 villages, from which (as shown by the record in Liber beneficiorum of Jan Długosz) the prepositure received tithe. Most probably that list was drawn for the purpose of assessing the worth of those parts of tithe which were to participate in trade transactions.
13

Cudowne interwencje sw. Bernardyna w Polsce sredniowiecznej. Liber miraculorum sancti Bernardini autorstwa Konrada z Freystadt

61%
Zajchowska A., Starzyński M.
Roczniki Historyczne
|
2012
|
vol. 78
231-254
EN
The object of the authors’ interest is a source which has been unknown to Polish medieval studies, namely „The book of miracles of St. Bernardino of Siena” written by Conradus of Freystadt. It is housed in the collection of the French National Library in Paris (MS nr NAL 1763). The authors analyzed the so-called „Polish part” of the aforementioned book, containing notes about the miracles which took place at the intercession of St. Bernardino during the visit of his disciple John of Capistrano in the Kingdom of Poland during the years 1453-1454. Additionaly, the genesis and the first phase of the development of St. Bernardino’s cult in Poland are discussed. The edition of the „Polish part” of this Liber miraculorum („Book of miracles”) is appended to the article.
14

Zastosowanie modelu ARIMA do krótkookresowego prognozowania wielkości ruchu pasażerskiego na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Portu Lotniczego w Krakowie-Balicach

61%
Rudnicki M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2012
|
issue 885
175-191
EN
The article sought to answer the question of whether the downward spiral of tourist traffic will continue at John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice in 2010. A revision of earlier forecasts drawn up at the end of 2009, the study also seeks to determine whether the number of guests served at the airport could return to the record 3 million passengers served in 2007. To this end, I introduce an analysis of the volume of tourist traffic for the years 2003–2009, based on passenger traffic statistics collected by the International Airport. The ARIMA model was used to produce forecasts for 2010. This study is extremely important because, as analysis shows, there is a direct correlation between the volume of passenger traffic at Kraków’s airport and the number of tourists in the city. Therefore, the results of this study may help identify the estimated volume of tourist traffic in Kraków in 2010, which is crucial to the tourism economy of the city and its inhabitants.
15

Model zarzadzania kompetencjami pracowniczymi w instytucji publicznej na przykladzie wojewodzkiego Urzedu Pracy w Krakowie

61%
Kafel T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2011
|
issue 854
95-111
EN
The article opens with a description of the Voidvodship Labour Office in Cracow, followed by the results of a preliminary diagnosis of the state of competence management in that institution. The main part of the paper contains a detailed analysis of methods of employee competence management used by the organisation. The tools used in the framework of particular elements of the model in the office are described and assessed in the final section of the paper.
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