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„Různé zlé věci jsou stimulací pro dobré věci, pro hrdinství” – przypadek Oto Mádra (1948–1968)

100%

Brodniewicz J.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 3

271 - 296

EN

The article presents the profile of Oto Mádr (1917–2011) in his struggle with the Communists on the basis of memories and documents. Oto Mádra is shown against the background of the events from vítězný únor to pražské jaro (1948–1968) in Czechoslovakia. He is a Czech priest and theologian, ordained in 1942, having remarkable achievements in the fight against the communist regime and for independence. In 1952 sentenced to life imprisonment for pastoral work among students, he was released in 1966. He resumed his opposition activities, becoming one of the most important figures of twentieth-century Czech Catholic Church.

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CRIME STORY, NATIONAL LITERATURE AND EDUARD FIKER (ON SITUATION CONCERNING GENRE IN THE CZECH CULTURE OF THE 30-TIETH AND 40-TIETH IN THE 20TH CENTURY) (Czech title - below)

88%

Janacek P.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2009

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vol. 56

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issue 5-6

438-450

EN

(Title in Czech - 'Detektivka, narodni literatura a Eduard Fiker (K situaci zanru v ceske kulture tricatych a ctyricatych let 20. stoleti)'). The first fifteen novels by Eduard Fiker, the author of detective and adventurous fictions, published between 1933 - 1936 contained stories from England, Africa and Northern America. His detective stories with Czech characters acting in the Czech environment appeared only in 1937. From the end of the 50-tieth of the 20th century in literary scholarly circle a legend has been known, according to it Fiker wrote in the beginning of the 30-tieth several novels so called 'Czech' (that means with the theme coming from the Czech environment). Publisher refused to publish those novels. They made him start his career as a writer by accomplishing novels based on non-Czech material - 'English' detective stories. The paper is an analysis of the mentioned legend in the context of contemporary Czech literary communication of the 20-tieth - 30-tieth. It results in opinion that with high probability the legend was created ex post. And it was constructed in the way that author had to respond private publishers, who because of their individual commercial interests restricted development of the national literature, its progress. The myths like that became in the period of Stalinism a part of socialist literary culture. View, on the reviews reflecting early Fiker's novels, shows different logical paradigms typical for the ideal of national literature in Czech culture in that time. Some of the reviewers (mainly those connected with the printed media of conservative political and cultural orientation) made objections that the first novels are not thematically originated in the Czech lands. They challenged him to receive romantically positivistic ideal of national literature. The others did not share that opinion and they did not see it as a problem or mistake that the novels are not from domestic environment. They found weaknesses of the novels mostly in the area of supranational aesthetics of the genre. There were two equally accepted ideals of the detective story in the half of the 30-tieth of the 20th c: nationally unique novels and those ones meeting internationally standards of quality. As the thesis of the study shows after the 1935 the two tracks option is replaced by the exclusiveness of the ideal of national literature. It is a result of the intimidation from the side of the Nazi Germany in the turn of the 30-tieth a 40-tieth. The process culminated in the second half of the 50-tieth after the period of Stalinism, in which the national component appears as the leading stimulus in the socialist literature being newly constructed. In more general ranks the story of early novels of Eduard Fiker is an illustration of transformation of the Czech literary culture in 1930 - 1960.

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THE INNER EMIGRATION AS A GESTURE OF FREEDOM (DOMINIK TATARKA AND LUDVIK VACULIK AFTER 1968) ('Vnutorna emigracia' ako gesto slobody (Dominik Tatarka a Ludvik Vaculik po roku 1968))

63%

Batorova M.

World Literature Studies

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2009

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vol. 1(18)

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issue 2

58-75

EN

The fundamental difference between the Slovaks and the Czechs after the political normalization in 1968 and later during the times of consolidation lies in the carriers of alternative culture and their contribution. There were self-educated intellectuals and university-educated scholars in Bohemia such as V. Havel, J. Grusa, L. Vaculik, J. Patocka or M. Machovec. However, these were rather thinkers than artists, who were in minority. In contrast, Slovakia had mainly artists and academics in various fields, to which they often remained confined, as well as catholic intellectuals (J. Korec, F. Miklosko, etc.). They published the results of their free analyses in Samizdat at the end of the 1960s. The only exceptions before 1968 formed discussion groups, which were organized under the name of a socialist institution and which went underground during the time of political consolidation, as well as the candle demonstration for religious freedom in Bratislava in 1988. Dominik Tatarka was the major figure of Slovak dissent. The study focuses on Tatarka's aesthetic and sociological essays about the genesis and history of the nation and on his authentic notes that bear witness to the times he lived in. The study also follows Tatarka's life after 1968. All manifestations of alternative culture in Slovakia have rather the character of artworks than of theories of artistic or political orientation. Although this artistic act had its function and impact, it was not subsequently used as an idea pool. Tatarka, with his 'action art', and using his own person - 'body art', had a great impact on engaging the masses of people, arousing their feelings, and sense of togetherness. The resistance movement against the political powers materialized in the form of an alternative art, in the visualization of thought in the unofficial visual arts. However, in Slovakia the artistic gesture remained without the subsequent interpretations that would verbally grasp the essence of the artistic accomplishment, that would comment on it as a stimulus, as a political action, and thus properly anchor its meaning.

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K RECEPCII KULTÚRNO-KRITICKÝCH TEXTOV A. MATUŠKU Z TRIDSIATYCH ROKOV 20. STOROČIA V SLOVENSKOM A ČESKOM KULTÚRNOM PROSTREDÍ (TIDO J. GAŠPAR, FERDINAND PEROUTKA)

63%

Bystrzak M.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2016

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vol. 63

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issue 2

81 – 103

EN

The present literary historical study focuses on reconstructing the outer circumstances of the cultural life in the first half of the 1930s, which had a significant influence on reception of Alexander Matuška´s early work in the Slovak environment. The study consists of two chapters – the first one deals with an attempt at unifying the Slovak cultural environment on the national basis in the name of the slogan by Tido J. Gašpar „Dajme sa dokopy“ („Let´s get together“), the other one presents Slovak polemics concerning the Czech monthly Přítomnost, which Matuška cooperated with in the 1930s. The material resource of the research is provided by selected society and culture magazines, which were used as a platform for the clashes of world views and were the most influential media of the times. (Přítomnost, Slovenské pohľady, Elán, DAV, Pero, Nový svet, LUK etc.). Against a background of the selected polemics over Alexander Matuška, which also involved Tido J. Gašpar and Ferdinand Peroutka, the author of the study takes account of the ideological clashes in the Slovak cultural life of the 1930s. What becomes the centre of attention is the conflict between the Slovak and the Czechoslovak identities and the confrontation between the modern paradigm of Slovak culture and its traditional form, i.e. arguments between the progressive and conservative parts of the Slovak cultural elites. Matuška´s juvenile critical gesture along with the reactions it triggered is thus interpreted as a part of wider discourse structure – intense contemporary discussions on the cultural dimension of the so called „Slovak issue”.

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2 Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

1 Bohemistyka

1 World Literature Studies

1 Batorova M.

1 Brodniewicz J.

1 Bystrzak M.

1 Janacek P.

2 2016

2 2009

„Různé zlé věci jsou stimulací pro dobré věci, pro hrdinství” – przypadek Oto Mádra (1948–1968)

CRIME STORY, NATIONAL LITERATURE AND EDUARD FIKER (ON SITUATION CONCERNING GENRE IN THE CZECH CULTURE OF THE 30-TIETH AND 40-TIETH IN THE 20TH CENTURY) (Czech title - below)

THE INNER EMIGRATION AS A GESTURE OF FREEDOM (DOMINIK TATARKA AND LUDVIK VACULIK AFTER 1968) ('Vnutorna emigracia' ako gesto slobody (Dominik Tatarka a Ludvik Vaculik po roku 1968))

K RECEPCII KULTÚRNO-KRITICKÝCH TEXTOV A. MATUŠKU Z TRIDSIATYCH ROKOV 20. STOROČIA V SLOVENSKOM A ČESKOM KULTÚRNOM PROSTREDÍ (TIDO J. GAŠPAR, FERDINAND PEROUTKA)