Search results - CEJSH

1

Central Asia: Under Pressure from Russia and Its Integration Projects

100%

Assanbayev M. B.

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs

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2015

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issue 1

123-136

EN

Kazakhstan is the first, but not the last country in Central Asia to be the focus of the aggressive ambitions of Russia’s foreign policy aimed at the creation of supranational integration alliances. Prospects for the creation of a Eurasian Union under the rule of Russia would mean at least a partial loss of political independence for other country-members in Central Asia. Moscow is already actively promoting the entry of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan into all of its integrationist organisations. What are Russia’s main foreign policy goals in the former Soviet Central Asian states? The article is devoted to an analysis of the continuing evolution of contemporary Russian foreign policy, which shapes its regional and international behaviour. It will also attempt to assess the impact and consequences of contemporary Russian foreign policy in Central Asia.

2

Post-Soviet Central Asia as a Unique Regional Security Complex

80%

Musioł M.

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs

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2015

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issue 4

59-78

EN

Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) has been developed within the Copenhagen School and has undergone significant evolutions in recent years. This article is part of this trend through the application of RSCT to assumptions about the region of Central Asia and its threats. The article’s main objective is to examine the current characteristics and dynamics of Central Asia as a regional security complex. It draws attention to the important issues of international politics driven by internal and external players. Moreover, the content shows that “the security complex” is both an analytical tool and ontological category, and can be applied in practice.

3

The EU engagement in democracy promotion in post-Soviet Central Asia: the case study of the Kyrgyz Republic – prospects and challenges

80%

Kainazarov B.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

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issue 3

27-40

EN

When Soviet Union collapsed, there were different hypothesis regarding democratic reforms and political system changes in Kyrgyzstan. It was believed that Kyrgyzstan would develop its independent policy and democratic governance. Since early 1990s European countries through OSCE, and later through the EU launched development projects have been playing central role in democracy promotion and civil society development in Central Asia. At the same time, as analysis show geopolitical interests of neighboring powerful states such as Russia and China increased in the region, which resulted the creation of regional institutions such as Shanhai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Collective Security Organization (CSO), Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and Silk Road Belt Initiative (SRBI). While being the fully-fledged member of China and Russia led regional institutions, Kyrgyzstan is under heavy political and economic influence. Besides, human rights situation in Kyrgyzstan like in other Central Asian countries has been deteriorating for last few years. Thus, the research paper focuses on interplay between Russia and China for geopolitical dominance in the region, including how it negatively influences for political volatility, civil society suppression and deterioration of human rights issues. Paper equally analyzes European countries engagement in human rights and democracy promotion in Kyrgyzstan. The research considers important to analyze the EU strategy in democratic reforms in Central Asia and to investigate why it matters for the EU.

4

Zjawisko nowego nacjonalizmu na obszarze Azji Centralnej

80%

Olędzka J.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2016

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vol. 27 cz. 1

EN

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first century there was a political mobilization of states built on the model of nationalistic. This trend is very clear especially in the area of Central and Eastern Europe and in Central Asia. Any attempt a new organization of the semantic concepts of statehood, citizenship, nationality, country, nationalism, ethnos, ethnic minority, diaspora, migration, etc. Showed all the imperfections and archaic conceptual apparatus used in the social sciences. Polemics calls, for example, the issue of categorization: whether Russians outside the Russian Federation should be considered diaspora, even though formally they left their country of residence, or the Russians in the former Soviet states are a classic example of a national minority and that instead the term the Russians would use the term Russian-speaking minority? Management diaspora, national and ethnic minorities, peeled by the state ethnic policy ideas have consequences in the regional and global scale, especially in the area of national and international security, economic, social and demographic and even civilizational and cultural.

5

EU regional trade vulnerabilities, liberalization and potential lessons for Uzbekistan trade reforms

80%

Zufarova N.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 3

71-74

EN

The aim of this paper is to present selected experiences of European Union trade liberalization, impact of globalization on vulnerable sectors of the EU. Many such experiences are discussed. Central Asian countries must consider vast amount of data, sector-specific information and aspects and still it will not be easy to say that pursued liberalization is the good direction to a wealthier nation with healthy regions, richer citizens and higher tax income for government. We start with brief introduction discussing primary motivation for European liberalization, then we focus on review selected literature sources, concluding that liberalization in general is a good thing and that there is very high probability of success but no guarantees can be drawn as every country is very specific and all policies must be pursued with high degree of attention and thorough analysis. Based on good EU examples of BFTA and CEFTA we recommend considering multilateral free trade agreement within CIS free trade area.

6

Kurgans of the Eastern Kugitang Piedmonts. Preliminary Report on Excavations in Seasons 2015–2017

80%

Havlík J., Stančo L., Kysela J., Cejnarová P., Havlíková H., Votroubeková T.

Studia Hercynia

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 1

183-206

EN

In its three field seasons between 2015 and 2017 the Czech‑Uzbekistani archaeological mission has focused on the area of the eastern Kugitang piedmonts, especially the Paskhurt Valley (southern Uzbekistan) in order to examine its historical cultural development. As one of the simultaneous activities, excavations of various selected kurgans and kurgan‑like features, which were newly detected in the area have been undertaken. Special attention was paid to the connection between kurgans and settlement sites nearby, particularly those of the Yaz I period (Early Iron Age Period, late 2nd millennium BC). Three kurgans of the Yaz I period have been uncovered, however their purpose was not identified with a sepulchral use, but rather with a ritual one. Besides the excavation of – in local terms – larger kurgans at the site of Kayrit 1, lesser simple stone structures were also excavated.

7

Historical Narrative and Tradition as Instruments of Creating the Image of the State on the International Arena: The Case of Kazakhstan

80%

Waśkiel T.

Historia i Polityka

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2019

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issue 30 (37)

43-63

EN

The article aims to explain the relationships between the official historical narrative (politics of memory) and the image of the state on the international area (nation branding). The analysis was based mainly on the Kazakh cinematography and the Kazakh TV station programs. I argue that the official historical narrative may contribute to the change of Kazakhstan perception on the international area. Politics of memory aims at highlighting the selected historical periods and concealing others. Kazakhstan elites are trying to emphasize the recent history, modernization and economic successes of the state after 1991. The pre-Soviet history is also strongly accentuated, and the historical continuity of the Kazakh nation (or even its statehood) from the end of the 15th century is highlighted. The politics of memory also aims at retraditionalization, i.e., the traditional lifestyle of nomads is widely publicized. On the other hand, the period of Russian and Soviet rule, painful events in the history of the twentieth century, are omitted or even concealed. Such a manner of conducting politics of memory may change the image of Kazakhstan, from the post–Soviet state to a modern one, modernized but at the same time nomadic, with a rich tradition.

8

Podstawy i mechanizmy regionalizmu w postradzieckiej Azji Centralnej

80%

Konopelko A.

International Business and Global Economy

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2014

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vol. Volume 33

214–226

EN

The research article analyses the bases and mechanisms of regionalism in the post-Soviet Central Asia resulting from the disintegration of the previous system. The main objectives of the paper are: identification of the most crucial determinants and constraints on the new regionalism and building of the regional identity in the above-mentioned territory, examination of the main noneconomic areas of integration and cooperation between different Central Asian countries, and analysis of the mechanisms of their interdependence in the context of their independence and particular interests. The author attempts to answer the following questions: how the above regionalism may influence the post-Soviet space and geopolitical power of countries in the region? Whether and how can external players foster the development of regionalism? The case study of Central Asia is developed through the empirical analysis and interpretation of data and documents of the regional organizations and national agencies and the analytical theoretical research on regionalism.

9

Ethnocentrism and the Problem of Central Asian Integration: Current Status

80%

Viktorowych Halanskii I., Han N. P., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Urbański D., Piechowiak-Lamparska J., Bryc A., Bojarczyk B., Jorgensen F. A. E., Niedziołka D., Pacześniak A., Potorski R., Wincławska M., Włodkowska-Bagan A., Jeran A., Mol A., Solsbery A., Dąbrowska I., Głodkowski M., Kopcewicz G., Olszanecka N., Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

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2012

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issue 1 (1)

PL

The article describes the problem of regional integration in Central Asia. Integration is an especially topical issue in the context of current global trends of uniting regions into organizations that promote cooperation in various areas of interest. The authors advance a thesis that in the case of states such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, or Turkmenistan such process will not start in the foreseeable future, if at all. On the one hand, there is the deterring factor of a division into post-Soviet and Islamic states; on the other hand, it transpires that these states aspire towards domination rather than cooperation. Undoubtedly however, the prospect of the development of the Central Asian region as an integrated whole could influence the international arena.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14761

10

Chińska strategia powrotu do Azji Centralnej - jedwabny szlak XXI wieku

80%

Trzaskowski P.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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vol. 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

87-116

EN

With the collapse of Soviet Union and the establishment of five new states in Central Asia Chinese foreign policy faced the challenge of creating solid relations with this region. Common interest in fighting ethnic and religious separatism, trade in energetic resources and development of other branches of economy helped to create the basis for political cooperation. One of the biggest obstacles in development a full-scale economic exchange was the lack of sufficient transport infrastructure across the former Chinese-Soviet border. The history of industrialization of Central Asia enforced by the Russian and the tense relations between communist China and Russia resulted in building roads, railways and pipelines from Central Asia to the north only. The Chinese's will, to change this state is an important element of the plan to revitalize Western China's weak economy and to create land transport corridors from China to Europe, Middle East and ports of Indian Ocean. In this paper the process of filling transport gap between China and Central Asia and its political conditions will be examined.

11

Kurgans of the Eastern Kugitang Piedmonts. Preliminary Report for Season 2018

80%

Havlík J., Havlíková H., Stančo L.

Studia Hercynia

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 2

147-172

EN

Kurgans are characteristic monuments of the Central Asian cultural landscape. The eastern piedmonts of the Kugitang mountain range (Southern Uzbekistan) emerged to be a noteworthily rich area in the occurrence of these various structures made of stones or soil and become one of the main research areas of the Czech -Uzbekistani Archaeological Expedition. Following the previous research of the season 2017, in 2018 the main attention was paid to the mapping of kurgans in the vicinity of the villages of Loylagan and Gurjak. Almost one hundred varied stone structures have been detected in this area, the majority of them labelled as a kurgan. This report presents the preliminary results of the field survey, a description of the morphology and a basic spatial analysis of the kurgans and their distribution within both the physical and historical landscape.

12

A geographical perspective on the Aral Sea crisis: three interpretations of an image

80%

White K. D.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2013

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vol. 21

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issue 21

125-132

EN

The Aral Sea crisis has gained global notoriety as a human-induced environmental disaster. This paper contextualizes this crisis within a broad geographical framework. Three interpretations of a single photographic image emblematic of the desiccation of the Aral Sea are related to general foci within the academic discipline of geography. These interpretations serve to guide a framing of the Aral Sea crisis within a geographical context. This is presented as a geographical problem, incorporating elements and processes salient to physical geography, human geography, and human-environment interaction. With ecological and societal sustainability in the immediate Aral Sea region still a pressing concern, geographers are well positioned to contribute relevant, research-driven insights.

13

Иранские шлемы «кула-худ» в комплексе защитного вооружения тюркских кочевников Центральной Азии XVII–XIX вв.

80%

BOBROV L.

Historia i Świat

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2015

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issue 4

205-219

EN

The article considers the topic of the evolution of Iranian „kula-hud” helmets, their construction and decorations system in the perspective of their employment by Turkic nomads of Central Asia. Basing on thorough analyze of the sources it was proved that the „kula-hud” helmet type was created on the foundation of the helmets manufactured from one-piece of metal from Near East in high Middle Ages. „Kula-hud” were originally formed by adding a moveable nasal, two sockets at the temples and a sharp spike at the top of hemispherical body. Chain mail aventail was also added. Early variants of the helmets of this type (proto-kula-hud) can be found as early as 16th century and should be linked with the reform of Iranian protective armament by the first Safavids. In 17th century „kula-hud” helmets were spread widely not only in Iran and India but also in Turkic states of Central Asia. An important factor in popularization of „kula-hud” was its relation with other weaponry (archery, sabers) and the tactics of the peoples of the area. The analyze of „kula-hud” helmets from Central Asia allowed to state that the majority of them are the imports from Iran. Part of the helmets was manufactured by the local masters according to Iranian patterns. The modification of some traditional riveted segmented helmets proves high prestige of Iranian armament among Turkic nomads of the area.

14

Winery regions as the oldest cultural landscapes: remnants, signs, and metamorphoses

70%

Myga-Piątek U., Rahmonov O.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 2

69-80

EN

Considering the general typology of landscapes, winery landscapes are a subtype of agricultural landscapes. A winery landscape is an area in which the dominant land use or indigenous vegetation consists of extensive grapevine crops, that is, vineyards and/or areas covered by wild grapevines; where a specific wine culture has evolved, or grapes constitute an important part of the local diet. In this paper, winery landscapes are studied at two levels: typological (as a repeatable, specific type of area with precisely defined characteristic features), and regional (regional areas that are unique and individual). The authors analyze the evolution of winery landscapes over time and describe their natural and historical aspects. A wide range of factors were taken into consideration: historical and political, socio-economic, cultural and religious influences, as well as the natural environmental background. This paper aims to describe the evolution of winery landscapes in Europe and beyond by considering the Mediterranean Basin, Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, and Central Asia.

15

ISLAMSKI RUCH UZBEKISTANU - OD LOKALNEGO EKSTREMIZMU DO PAŃSTWA ISLAMSKIEGO

70%

JAREMBA M.

Historia@Teoria

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2018

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vol. 1

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issue 7

167-172

EN

This article presents one of the terrorist group in Central Asia. Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan is a fundamentalist Islam organization acting at first in Uzbekistan and then going beyond even to Afghanistan with its actions. This article will present the causes of existence of Islamic extremism in Central Asia, events which were enhancing the ideas of radicalism, as i.e. civil war in Tajikistan (1992-1997) or the Batken crises (1999, 2000), specific IMU actions or circumstances of connection to so-called Islamic State. It is the analysis of extremism in Central Asia and the explanation of this phenomenon; moreover the role of external factors in Islamic mobilization in the region and how the Organized crime works there.

16

Problemy migracji zarobkowej w Azji Centralnej w ujęciu gospodarczym i społecznym

70%

Włodarczyk M.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2018

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issue 12

215-227

EN

The article handles the problem of labour migration from Central Asia to the Russian Federation. While underlining an importance of discussion about migration in contemporary politics, there are described characteristics of the region and differences between states that constitute it – Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, their various approaches to migration policy and resulting different scales of labour migration and amounts of remittances as GDP share are also presented. Next, there are distinguished push and pull factors concerning those countries (and the Russian Federation) – economic, demographic, cultural and political. The main body of the paper is focused on challenges which labour migration poses both for sending states and Russia such as economic instability, dependence on external prosperity, frauds and exploitation, intolerance and xenophobia and threats for a consistency of families in Central Asia. As a conclusion appears a statement on insufficiency of current Russian legislative solutions and the new ones are proposed.

17

Central Asia as a region in international relations

70%

Bharti S. S.

Reality of Politics

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2022

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issue 20

15-27

EN

‘Central Asia’ is a unique and diverse region of the world that landmass distinct from other regions and sedentary civilisation is one of the characteristics. The geography of this region is considered a controversial discourse among scholars in international relations and, Europeans prefer to call them ‘Central Eurasia’, but Asian scholars frequently used the term ‘Central Asia’. However, the history of Asia was not stable and similar in the past. In this regard, this article tries to find the status of the Central Asia in international relations from a historical to empirical discussion in academia. Through the discourse analysis applied here to trace scholars, historians, institutions, governments, and sociologists’ perspective how they treat ‘Central Asia’, whether it is a deeply profound ‘region’ or precise existence. The initial argument says that Central Asia is more significant due to the geostrategic point of view and attracts superpowers in the ground of diplomacy play.

18

The Pashkhurt area (south Uzbekistan) in the middle of the 1st millennium BC: Recent Russian-Uzbek archaeological works

70%

Mokroborodov V.

Studia Hercynia

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 2

96-109

EN

The article presents the results of recent archaeological work – surveys and excavations of the 4th–3rd century BC settlement of Gisht Tepa as well as a number of other sites. It recapitulates the historical and archaeological situation in the Pashkhurt foothill

19

Comparative Analysis of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and European Union Strategy on Central Asia: Confrontation or Cooperation?

70%

Stonis D.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2023

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issue 1(52)

69-90

EN

In 2021, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) turned 20 years old. With “Shanghai Spirit” as its guiding principle, the scope of SCO’s activity has significantly expanded, recently adding India and Pakistan to its members. As a result, SCO policy has heavily influenced the Central Asia region. In response, in 2019, the EU launched a new strategy for Central Asia, adopting “connectivity” as its core concept. As a result, both SCO and EU strategies in Central Asia tend to conflict with each other, thus leading to uneven and inconsistent development of the region. Therefore, this paper aims to identify contradictions between SCO’s “Shanghai Spirit” guiding principle and the EU’s concept of “connectivity” by comparing the SCO and EU strategies toward Central Asia. The methodology in the paper involves a qualitative comparative method, including two qualitative case studies, represented by the SCO’s “Shanghai Spirit” and the EU’s concept of “connectivity” in their strategies on Central Asia. The article concludes that contestation between the SCO and the EU policies in Central Asia impedes stable development of the region, and therefore, a compromise between both policies in Central Asia is suggested.

20

Образ кузнеца в традиционном мировоззрении казахов XIX – 1-ой пол. ХX вв.:Миф и реальность

70%

Tokhtabayeva S.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2019

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vol. 2

263-269

EN

The article analyzes the multi-faceted personality of the Kazakh blacksmith in ethnotraditional perception compared with the culture of other nations. Such parameters as birth and “magical” diversion of hereditary gift, professional etiquette and the social status of the blacksmith have been considered. The attention has been paid to such qualities of the blacksmith as spiritual self-control, lack of greed, strength and nobility of character. The mentioned is justified by the idea that the moral defects of a master can enter into conflict with his sacred activities which could lead his family to misfortune.

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